충북연구원

이 연구는 기후변화와 탄소중립, RE100에 부응한 마을 에너지자립과 저출산 고령화로 인한 복지수요 증대에 대응한 공동체복지 실현과의 연결을 도모하고자 한다. 연구 방법은 문헌 연구, 통계 조사, 사례 연구와 면담 조사에 기초해 있다. 국내외 에너지 자립마을 사례에서 사업참여 계기, 주민참여와 조직화, 협력적 거버넌스 등을 조사하고 마을 공동체 복지도 함께 조사, 분석하였다.
에너지자립마을로 널리 알려진 국외 사례로 독일의 바이오에너지 마을인 쉬레벤(Schlöben)마을과 윤데(Jünde)마을, 육상풍력단지 중심의 달데스하임(Dardesheim), 그리고 덴마크 삼쇠섬(Samsø)을 조사하였다. 국내 사례로 가축분뇨를 활용한 충남 홍성군 원천마을과 자가발전 공동체 복지를 실현하고 있는 경기 여주 구양리를 조사하였다.
마을이 재생에너지 프로젝트에 참여한 계기를 살펴보면, 국외 마을에서 초기 동기부여 주체는 마을주민 스스로이거나 인근 대학 전문가들이거나, 정부의 공모사업이 계기가 되는 등 다양하게 나타난다. 주민 조직화는 국내외 전반적으로 주민이 직접 참여하여 협동과 연대의 가치를 내세우는 협동조합과 마을기업을 통해 재생에너지 프로젝트를 추진하고 있다. 국내 마을의 경우는 고령 주민이 대부분이므로 이해와 설득에 어려움은 있지만 절차적 민주주의를 준수하면 큰 갈등 없이 진행되는 것을 볼 수 있다.
협력적 거버넌스의 구축은 국외 마을의 사례에서 마을 협동조합과 농업회사, 자치 행정 간의 협력(쉬레벤 마을) 또는 협동조합, 전문가 그룹, 정부 부처 지원조직과의 네트워크 구축(윤데 마을), 그리고 초기 투자비에서 주민 출자금, 지방정부, 지역은행 담보대출로 사업을 시행할 수 있었던 대내외 협력 지원(달데스하임)이 큰 역할을 하였다. 국내 마을의 두 사례는 정부의 공모사업 선정과 사업 인센티브를 활용하여 지자체, 마을 주민(임원)과의 협업이었지만, 금융이나 제도적 지원이 약한 협력적 거버넌스였다.
마을 사회적경제, 마을복지와 관련하여 국외 마을은 발전시설의 소유권을 부분적으로라도 가지고 있거나 자체 소유발전으로 소득을 창출하고 있고, 에너지 판매와 마을순환경제 활성화, 관광수익, 고용 창출 등 경제적 효과와 탄소 배출감소, 마을 카페 설치 등의 효과도 누리고 있다. 또한 토지 임대에 대한 로열티를 토지소유자, 주변 토지소유자, 마을공동체와 공유하고 있는 마을도 존재한다. 국내 마을은 마을 복지를 실현하기 위해 발전 수익의 절반을 마을의 에너지 취약계층에게 기부와 에너지 바우처 형태로 제공할 계획(원천마을)이거나 발전수익을 마을공동체를 위해 하루 한 끼 무료급식과 자체 마을버스 운행, 문화생활 지원 등 주민복지를 위해 사용하고 있는 마을(구양리 마을)도 존재한다.
충북의 주민참여형 민관협력 내지는 주민의 적극적 참여를 통해 에너지자립을 추구하며 마을의 사회적경제와 마을 복지가 활성화하는 충북의 괴산 장암·신대마을과 수리마을이 있다. 재생에너지 프로젝트에 참여하게 된 계기는 우선 괴산 장암·신대마을이 민간 주)나무와 에너지 대표의 의지가 바탕이 되어 산림청 공모사업에 선정되면서 시작한다. 수리마을은 이 마을 출신인 사업운영업체 소장과 새마을회 대표자의 초기 역할이 컸다. 마을공동 부지에 주민참여형 태양광 발전사업으로 기업과 충북도, 괴산군과 MOU를 맺어 추진하게 되었다.
주민 조직화는 괴산 장암·신대마을이 발전사업을 주민의 단체를 구성해서 운영할 수 있도록 협동조합을 설립했다. 수리마을은 마을 공동부지가 새마을회 소유였으므로 별도의 주민 조직화는 필요하지 않았다.
협력적 거버넌스의 구축은 괴산 장암·신대마을이 주)나무와 에너지 대표, 마을이장, 괴산군의 협력체계를 구축하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 사실 지자체장의 적극적인 관심과 지원이 없었다면 사업이 추진되지 않았을 것이다. 수리마을은 부지임대형 매달 연금지급 형태이므로 대내외 협력보다는 마을 자체의 상호협력과 이해가 더 중요하다.
마을 사회적경제와 마을복지와 관련하여 괴산 장암·신대마을이 산림바이오매스 발전을 통해 전기생산과 난방 제공으로 주민들에게 에너지 비용 절감과 협동조합 출자배당의 혜택을 주고 있다. 그리고 마을 복지로 목욕탕, 식당 등도 만들 계획이며 에너지 공급센터에서 마을 인력도 일하게 된다. 수리마을은 태양광 발전을 위한 마을부지 임대로 발생하는 수익 적립금을 복지사업으로 장학금, 마을회관 신축 시 지원, 마을운영비 보조 등에 쓰게 된다.
마을 사례조사 결과를 종합적으로 판단해보면 마을마다 주어진 조건과 여건이 다르지만, 재생에너지 프로젝트에 참여한 계기는 주민들 스스로 마을발전을 위한 위원회나 협동조합을 조직하면서, 또는 주민과 지자체의 협력이거나 전문가 그룹의 제안 등으로부터 다양하게 출발한다. 주민참여는 대개 협동조합이나 마을기업 형태로 나타나며, 더욱이 발전소유권이 부분적으로라도 마을주민에게 있거나 공동체 소유라면 적극적 주민참여가 가능하다. 그리고 절차적 민주주의에 의한 주민 이해와 협력이 주민 조직화에 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 대내외 거버넌스가 가능하기 위해서도 주민, 정부, 지자체, 금융권 등이 공통으로 에너지자립 프로젝트가 탄소중립, 부가가치 창출, 주민복지까지 모두에게 이익이라는 인식이 있어야 한다.
지역 에너지자립을 통한 공동체 복지 확산 방안을 제안해 보면, 첫째는 우선 충북도 및 지자체의 관심이 필요하다. 충북의 시민주도형 충북 햇빛발전소는 시민단체 중심으로 ‘청주에너지시민협동조합’이 이익공유 사례이나 규모가 작은 현재 1호기에 멈춰있다. 도시이지만 설치 부지가 없다는 핑계는 설득력이 없다. 안산의 시민햇빛발전소의 경우 초기 사업 시에는 지자체에서 공유부지 임대 요청에 미온적 수동적이었지만 이후 지자체의 적극적 지원으로 2023년 12월 기준 42호기 태양광을 설치하였다.
둘째는 홍보와 교육지원이 필요하다. 도와 지자체에서 홍보와 교육을 지원하여 인식개선에 도움이 되도록 하여야 한다. 농촌 지역의 주민들이 태양광 설치가 외지 기업에 수익이 전적으로 돌아가거나 나와는 상관없는 일이라면 절대 반대하게 된다. 태양광을 직접 설치를 하여 어떤 수익을 누린다면 더 적극적으로 받아들인다. 사업 설계 때부터 먼저 교육하고, 활동가가 들어가서 계획을 같이 논의하고 같이 디자인 하면서 사업 진행하면 거의 갈등이 발생하지 않는다. 특히 사례에서 여주 구양리의 관련 담당 공무원이나 괴산군의 담당 사무관의 역할과 헌신이 주민교육에 큰 역할을 하였다.
셋째는 환경적 지리적 특성을 고려한 재생에너지원의 개발이 필요하다. 충북은 호수가 많다. 수상 태양광의 설치 경우 충주호, 대청호가 있어서 유리하다. 상수원 보호나 생태자연 일등급 구역의 지역 입지 제한이 있을 수 있지만, 수자원공사에서 수상 태양광 설치 가능 구역을 검토하였을 것이다. 지자체나 도에서 관심을 가지고 주민 홍보와 병행하여 사업 구역을 물색하고 수자원공사와 공조한다면 설치 가능성은 클 수 있다.
넷째는 충북 차원의 제도적 개선도 필요하다. 재생에너지 사업의 활성화를 위해 이격거리 완화를 조례에서 법제화하여야 한다. 주민참여형 재생에너지 사업에 사업부지를 찾기 어려운 제도적인 문제점이 있다. 대부분의 해외 국가는 태양광 설비에 대한 이격거리 규제를 미적용하거나 최소한도로 규정하고 있다. 재생에너지 사업의 원활한 추진을 위해서는 시군의 적극 행정이 중요하다.
다섯째는 정부 제도개혁에 대한 강한 요구가 필요하다. 대부분 농촌이 이격거리 규제가 해결되지 않아 부지확보에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 어려움은 농어촌공사의 공공비축 농지를 활용하게 해주거나 정부에서 농지법 시행령 개정을 통해 ‘영농형 태양광’을 진흥구역에서 가능한 개발행위로 규정하는 것도 부지확보의 방안이 될 수 있다. 그리고 금융 문제로 마을 자산을 담보로 한 대출이 가능하여야 하나 현실적으로 소규모 발전 시에 PF 대출은 제1금융권에서만 취급하기 때문에 불가능하다. 제도적으로 신협이나 농협 등에서 대출이 가능하게 하거나 지역 기금을 통해 융자받을 수 있는 길을 열어 놓아야 한다. 마지막으로 협동조합 형식의 주민참여 재생에너지 발전수익에서 저소득층도 출자 참여하여 혜택이 돌아가려면 일정 규모의 협동조합에 배당소득 과세를 개선 또는 폐지해 주어야 한다.

제I장 서론 ······················································································································· 1

1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ·····································································································1

2. 연구의 방법 및 내용 ·······································································································2

제II장 이론적 배경 ············································································································ 5

1. 개념적 논의 ‘공동체 에너지와 공동체 복지’ ··································································5

2. 선행연구 검토 ··················································································································8

제III장 국내외 에너지 자립마을 사례분석 ····································································· 11

1. 국외 ······························································································································11

2. 국내 ······························································································································17

3. 시사점 ··························································································································24

제IV장 충북의 에너지 자립마을 실태 ············································································ 27

1. 정부, 지자체 주도 에너지 자립마을 조성 ································································27

2. 주민참여형 에너지 자립마을 사례 ············································································28

3. 시사점 ··························································································································34

제V장 결론 ······················································································································ 37

1. 요약 ······························································································································37

2. 에너지자립 공동체 복지 확산 방안 ··············································································41

참고문헌 ····························································································································44

Abstract ·····························································································································47

Table of Contents ···········································································································49

본 과제에서는 대기오염물질 중에서 미세먼지를 대상으로 위험성과 취약성을 조작적으로 정의하고, 청주시를 사례로 공간화하고 위험성과 취약성 간의 공간관계를 해석하고, 미세먼지로 인한 위험이 높으면서 취약성도 높은 공간을 직관적으로 도출하고자 하였다.
분석결과, 용도지역 중 공업지역 비율이 높은 지역이면서 신축아파트 단지 및 학교와 인접하는 신도심 지역과 표고가 낮고, 도심공원 비율이 낮으면서 노후주택이 밀집해있는 구도심 지역 등 주요 지역이 도출되었다. 도출된 지역은 우선적으로 고농도 집중관리구역 선정 후보지로 검토될 수 있으며, 배출저감시설 우선 설치, 지역 내 취약집단 우선 지원 등 대기질 개선 사업시행 시 우선 지역으로 검토될 필요가 있다.
본 연구방법 및 결과는 크게 4가지 측면에서 활용될 수 있다. 첫째, 본 연구에서 위험성과 취약성을 동시에 고려한 방법은 보다 효과적이고 효율적인 미세먼지 관리방안의 의사결정근거로 활용할 수 있다. 둘째, 본 연구는 제2차 권역별 대기환경관리 기본계획, 제2차 미세먼지 관리 종합계획과 같은 대기질 개선정책 및 사업 시행과정에서 항상 고민거리인 어디에다가 시설을 먼저 설치하고, 얼마나 많이 배정하며, 어떤 지역의 취약집단을 먼저 지원할 것인가에 대한 우선순위 근거로 활용될 수 있다. 셋째, 본 연구는 국토환경 통합관리에 있어 대상 지역의 대기질, 대기오염물질 배출원 및 배출량, 교통망, 민감·취약인구 분포 등 공간분석 결과를 통합적으로 고려한 공간환경 계획수립에 활용될 수 있다. 넷째, 본 연구는 환경정의 및 건강형평성을 고려한 대기환경정책 수립의 근거로 활용될 수 있다. 연구결과를 통해 미세먼지 위험으로부터 상대적으로 더 많이 노출된 곳이 어디인지를 도출해 낼 수 있으며, 인접한 지역에 민감·취약집단 거주를 파악할 수 있으며, 취약집단이 많이 거주하는 공간이 실제로 여타 지역이 비해 더 많은 대기위험에 노출되었는지를 확인할 수 있다.
본 과제는 미세먼지 정책의 실효성을 높이고, 미세먼지 개선사업의 시민 체감도를 높이는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다. 추후 미세먼지의 위험성과 취약성을 점차 고도화할 필요가 있으며, 위험성과 취약성 중첩 시 상대적 가중치 부여가 필요하다.

제I장 서론 ························································································································· 1

1. 과제의 배경 ······················································································································1

2. 과제의 목적 ····················································································································4

제II장. 대기환경의 위험성과 취약성에 대한 고찰 ··························································· 5

1. 대기환경 정책과 분야에 대한 고찰 ················································································5

2. 대기환경의 위험성에 대한 고찰 ····················································································16

3. 대기환경의 취약성에 대한 고찰 ····················································································31

제III장. 대기환경의 위험성과 취약성 분석 ···································································· 39

1. 조작적 정의 및 지표 ·····································································································39

2. 연구방법론 ·····················································································································41

3. 분석 및 고찰 ·················································································································49

 1) 대기환경의 위험성 분석 ····························································································49

 2) 대기환경의 취약성 분석 ····························································································52

 3) 대기환경의 위험성과 취약성간의 관계분석 ······························································57

제IV장. 결론 ················································································································· 61

1. 과제의 의의 ···················································································································61

2. 정책 제안 ·······················································································································62

참고문헌 ····························································································································65

Abstract ·····························································································································69

❍ 본 연구는 충북 노후 산업단지의 경쟁력 강화 및 혁신성장을 위한 전략 방향을 제시하고자 하며 정부가 추진하고 있는 “산업단지 마스터플랜(MP) 수립계획”을 기반으로 충북 노후 산업단지의 혁신성장 방향을 제시하고자 하는 목적을 가짐
❍ 2023년 4분기 기준, 충북 노후 산업단지는 49개로 충북 전체 산업단지의 35.3% 수준이나 생산활동(입주업체, 고용자, 생산, 수출)이 차지하는 비중은 약 62% 이상을 차지함
❍ 충북형 노후 산업단지 마스터플랜(MP) 수립 방향은 “노후산단 구조고도화 및 재생사업을 통해 기업이 투자하기 좋은, 도민이 살기 좋은 충북 완성”이라는 목표를 중심으로 3대 전략(① 산업구조 전환, ② 전문인력 확보, ③ 산단환경 개선) 및 5대 핵심과제(① 성장동력산업 육성·발굴, ② 디지털·저탄소 산단 조성, ③ 전문인력 양성 및 수급, ④ 브랜드 산단 조성, ⑤ 공간 및 교통환경 개선)로 구성됨
❍ 충북형 노후 국가산단 MP 수립 전략 방향으로는 K-바이오 및 K-방산 등 브랜드산단 조성, 지역특화형 산업생태계 기반 구축, 스마트 안전관리 시스템 구축, 청년친화형 산단 조성, 스마트그린산단 전환 지원, 민관협력 투자 확대 지원체계 구축, 주민참여형 복합문화공간 조성, 저탄소·고효율 산단 인프라 구축 등을 제시함
❍ 충북형 노후 일반산단 MP 수립 전략 방향으로는 산업단지 입지 킬러규제 완화를 활용한 주력산업 선도기업 재투자 인프라 구축, 「충북청주 노후거점산단 경쟁력강화 사업계획」을 기반으로 한 시군별 연계 전략 수립, 연계산단 대상 스마트그린산단 전환 지원, 대기업-중소기업 상생협력 모델 구축 지원, 지역산업진흥계획을 활용한 시군별 지역특화산업 육성 지원, 산단 소재 중소기업 기술혁신 역량 강화 지원, 산단 리모델링 및 구조고도화를 통한 근로환경 및 정주여건 개선 추진, 지역 현안과 노후산단 경쟁력 제고를 연계한 맞춤형 혁신전략 수립 등을 제시함
❍ 충북형 노후 농공단지 MP 수립 전략 방향으로는 지역 특성을 반영한 농공단지 브랜드화 추진, 근로자 및 지역민의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 농공단지 내 복합문화공간 조성, 농공단지 세제 혜택 등을 활용한 스마트팩토리 구축 시범사업 추진, 농공단지 세제 혜택 등을 활용한 저탄소·고효율 산단 인프라 구축, 농공단지 재직자 디지털 역량 강화를 위한 교육 프로그램 개발 및 운영, 청년 귀농·귀촌 인구 연계 창업 공간 제공 및 조성, 수요응답형 순환버스 도입 확대 등 농공단지 교통 접근성 제고, 아름다운 거리 조성 등 농공단지 주변 정화 사업 추진으로 근로환경 개선 및 관광 인프라 조성 등을 제시함
❍ 그 외에도, 5대 핵심과제별 및 산단 형태별 정책사업 등을 제시함
- 핵심과제 1: 노후산단 성장동력산업 육성·발굴: (국가산단) 오송생명과학단지 스마트그린산단 전환사업, (국가산단) 보은국가산업단지 기반 첨단방산산업 혁신거점 조성, (일반산단) 스마트제조혁신 기반 구축사업, (농공단지) 농공단지 기반 농식품가공산업 클러스터 조성사업, (농공단지) 농공단지 기반 첨단뿌리산업 혁신 클러스터 구축사업
- 핵심과제 2: 노후산단 디지털·저탄소 산단 조성: (국가산단) 스마트그린 인프라 구축 사업, (일반산단) 디지털 탄소 중립화 플랫폼 구축 사업, (농공단지) 친환경 에너지 자립형 스마트 단지 사업
- 핵심과제 3: 노후산단 전문인력 양성 및 수급: (국가산단) 신성장산업 R&D 혁신인재 양성 및 활용체계 강화, (일반산단) 지역 특화산업 기반 일반산단 중소기업 수요인력 양성, (농공단지) 농공단지 디지털 전환 및 인력 수급체계 개선
- 핵심과제 4: 노후산단 브랜드 산단 조성: (국가산단) 지역 어매니티를 주도하는 특화 인프라: 바이오･국방, (일반산단) 지역 특화산업 중심의 특화 브랜드 산단 조성, (농공단지) 시군별 어매니티에 기반한 특화산업 중심형 농공단지 구현
- 핵심과제 5: 노후산단 공간 및 교통환경 개선: (국가산단) 모빌리티 서비스 혁신공간 조성, (일반산단) 노후산단 휴폐업공장 리모델링 조성사업, (일반산단) 통근 셔틀버스 플랫폼 기반 서비스 강화, (일반산단) 산업단지내 근린공원 시설개선, (농공단지) 근로자용 농촌형 임대주택 시범사업, (농공단지) 소형 화물차량 공유서비스

제I장 연구개요 ·················································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ···········································································································1

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ·········································································································5

제Ⅱ장 산업단지 상위계획 및 연관계획 검토 ·································································· 7

1. 정부 산업단지 관련 상위계획 및 연관계획 검토 ···························································7

2. 충북 산업단지 조성 관련 지역계획 검토 ·····································································19

제Ⅲ장 충북 노후 산업단지 조성 현황 분석 ································································· 25

1. 충북 지역경제·산업 현황 분석 ·····················································································25

2. 충북 산업단지 현황 분석 ······························································································38

3. 충북 노후 산업단지 형태별 현황 분석 ·········································································41

제Ⅳ장 충북형 노후 산업단지 마스터플랜 수립 방향 ··················································· 61

1. 충북형 노후 산업단지 MP 수립 방향 ··········································································61

2. 산단 형태별 MP 수립 여건 분석 및 전략 방향 ·························································62

제Ⅴ장 핵심과제별 정책사업 제언 ················································································· 87

1. 핵심과제 1: 노후산단 성장동력산업 육성·발굴 ···························································87

2. 핵심과제 2: 노후산단 디지털·저탄소 산단 조성 ·························································94

3. 핵심과제 3: 노후산단 전문인력 확보 ···········································································97

4. 핵심과제 4: 노후산단 브랜드 산단 조성 ···································································101

5. 핵심과제 5: 노후산단 공간 및 교통환경 개선 ··························································105

참고문헌 ························································································································ 111

Appendix ····················································································································· 113

1. Abstract ······················································································································115

2. Table of Contents ···································································································117

본 연구는 충북 지역의 청년층 주거 문제를 심층적으로 분석하고, 시군별 특성을 고려한 정책적 대안을 모색하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 국내의 청년주택 정책 파악과 충북 청년들의 의식조사를 병행하였다.
현재 국내 청년주택 정책은 주택 공급과 자금 지원의 두 축으로 구성되어 있다. 공공임대주택 공급은 대학생, 신혼부부, 사회초년생 등 청년층의 신분에 따라 다양한 임대주택이 공급되고 있으며, 자금 지원은 청년들에게 주택자금 및 월세 지원 등의 방식으로 진행되고 있다. 한편 지자체별로 지역 실정에 따른 별도의 청년주거정책을 운영하고 있는데, 예를 들면, 서울 및 부산 등 대도시는 민간임대주택을 지원하고, 전주는 자체적으로 매입임대주택, 옥천은 자체적으로 청년월세지원, 괴산은 취학아동이 있는 가족 유치(귀농ㆍ귀촌자 대상)에 초점을 맞추고 있다.
충북의 주택 공급 현황을 살펴본 결과, 아파트 공급 및 임대주택이 청주시를 비롯하여 일부 지역을 중심으로 공급되고 있어, 지역 간 편차가 심각하며, 주택공급이 미흡한 지역에서는 주택 노후도 역시 심각하였다. 이처럼, 양질의 주택 부족, 상대적으로 비싼 가격, 낙후된 주변 환경 등으로 인해 청년들이 주거문제를 해결하기 어려운 상황이다.
설문결과, 응답자의 75.6%가 아파트를 선호하였다. 청년층의 연령대가 높아질수록, 원하는 평수와 방의 개수가 커졌으며, 부담가능한 임대료 범위도 높아진다. 이는 수입의 증가 및 결혼, 출산 등으로 가족구성원이 확대되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 청년주택 정책으로는 청년주택 공급, 대출이자 지원, 주택자금지원 등을 선호하였다. 시군별로 해당 지역의 주택여건에 대한 만족도 및 주택 구매 의사가 상이하였는데, 이는 지역별 정주여건에 따른 결과라고 판단된다. 또한 각종 청년주택정책의 소득기준 완화에 대한 요구도 제기되었다.
이러한 결과를 종합하여 충북의 정책 방향을 제안하였다. 먼저, 지역별 특성에 맞춘 맞춤형 임대주택 공급과 월세·전세자금 지원 확대, 도시지역과 농촌지역의 지역 주택공급여건을 고려하여, 도시지역에는 공공임대주택 확대와 일자리 연계형 주택을 제안하고, 농촌지역은 빈집 리모델링과 생활 인프라 강화를 통해 정착 유도를 제안하였다. 이와 함께, 전세 사기 예방과 청년주택정책 접근성 강화 등을 위해 온라인 플랫폼과 홍보의 강화, 청년 참여를 확대한 주택 정책 개발 등을 제시하였다.

제Ⅰ장 연구의 배경 및 필요성 ··························································································· 11

1. 연구의 배경 ·························································································································11

2. 연구의 방법 및 범위 ···········································································································15

 2.1. 연구 방법 ···················································································································15

 2.2. 연구 범위 ···················································································································15

제Ⅱ장 주체별 청년주택 정책 현황 ···················································································· 16

1. 국토교통부 ···························································································································16

2. LH공사 ································································································································19

3. 주택도시보증공사 ·················································································································26

 3.1. 구입자금대출 ··············································································································26

 3.2. 전세자금대출 ··············································································································27

4. 지자체 특화정책 ··················································································································29

 4.1. 서울시 ·························································································································29

 4.2. 부산시 ·························································································································34

 4.3. 전주시 ·························································································································37

 4.4. 옥천군 ·························································································································38

 4.5. 괴산군 ·························································································································38

제Ⅲ장 충북 주택 공급 현황 ······························································································· 40

1. 일반주택 현황 ······················································································································40

2. 아파트 공급 현황 ················································································································43

3. 임대주택 현황 ······················································································································50

제Ⅳ장 설문결과 ··················································································································· 53

1. 설문개요 ·······························································································································53

2. 설문조사 결과 ······················································································································54

 2.1. 응답자 기본 특성 ·······································································································54

 2.2. 현재 거주 주택에 대한 설문 ·····················································································57

 2.3. 향후 거주 주택 관련 문항 ························································································70

 2.4. 현재 거주지역 주택시장 여건 관련 항목 ·································································81

 2.5. 현 거주지역 청년주택 정책 관련 문항 ···································································102

제Ⅴ장 결론 및 정책제안 ·································································································· 110

1. 결론 ···································································································································110

 1.1. 현행 청년주택정책과 설문결과 비교 ·······································································110

 1.2. 충북의 주택공급 현황 및 설문결과 비교 ·······························································112

 1.3. 현 거주형태 및 공공청년주택에 대한 의견 ····························································115

2. 정책 제안 ························································································································118

 2.1. 종합적 정책 ·············································································································118

 2.2. 지역간 격차를 고려한 청년주택정책 ·······································································120

참고문헌 ··························································································································· 123

Appendix ························································································································ 125

1. 설문지 ································································································································127

2. Abstract ···························································································································134

충북도의 일부 시 지역을 제외한 대부분은 농산촌의 인구소멸지역으로 저출산고령화에 의한 인구 감소가 지속되고 있는 지역인 동시에 지역 경제의 상당 부분을 농업에 의존하고 있다는 공통점을 가지고 있다.
그런데 이들 지역에서 영위하고 있는 농업의 대부분은 고령자에 의해 운용되는 경우가 대부분인데다 현실적으로 타 지역에 비해 넓지 않은 농지 등으로 인해 규모의 경제를 실현하기에도 매우 불리한 여건을 가지고 있다.
최근 들어 농업농촌을 활성화를 위한 다각도의 노력이 고민되고 있으나, 현실적으로 가장 유용한 대안으로 부상하고 있는 것이 역내에서 생산되는 농산물 기반의 농식품화를 통한 고부가가치화와 이들 식품의 글로벌 시장으로의 확대전략이다.
이들 두전략은 상호 배치되는 전략이 아닌 동시에 시행되어야만 하는 전략으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도내 농식품기업 가운데 최근 5년간 수출 경험이 있는 기업을 대상으로 농식품의 수출 활성화를 위한 애로요인을 규명하고 대안을 모색하고자 시도하였다.
현재 도내 농식품기업들은 온라인에 의존한 특정 제품, 특정국 대상의 해외 진출이 이행되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 최근 본격화되고 있는 K-Food 시장의 확산세를 고려할 때 매우 중요한 기회요인으로 판단된다.
역내 농식품기업의 수출 활성화 요인 도출을 위해 진행된 본연구에서 도내 기업들이 경영상 느끼고 있는 애로요인은 자금 부족과 만성화되고 있는 전문인력 부족으로 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 글로벌 시장 진출과 관련해 거래선 발굴, 수출 마케팅 관련 지원 정책에 대한 니즈가 큰 것으로 나타났다.
또한 역내기업들이 글로벌 시장 진출을 위해서는 자사 제품의 경쟁력이 가장 중요한 관건으로 인식하고 있으며, 이와 관련하여 각종 인증 취득에 대한 애로를 느끼고 있으며, 기타 요인으로 관련 정보의 맞춤형 제공이 필요하다고 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 볼 때 도내 농식품 기업의 글로벌 시장 진출을 위해 요구되는 정책적 지원과 관련하여 최우선적인 과제로 자금 지원과 함께 해외시장 진출을 위한 바이어 발굴 및 마케팅 그리고 현지 시장 진출에 전제가 되는 각종 인증 취득 관련 사항이 매우 중요한 것으로 판단된다.
이와 함께 기업의 입장에서 제공되는 업종별･대상국별 맞춤형 정보 제공과 함께 중앙정부에서 제공되는 각종 지원사업에 대한 상세한 정보 제공이 필요하고 지방정부 차원에서는 중앙정부에서 담당하지 못하고 있는 지역의 현실적 여건을 고려한 맞춤형 정책이 발굴･지원되어야 할 것으로 나타났다.

I. 서론 ····························································································································· 11

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··········································································································11

2. 연구 범위와 방법 ··········································································································14

II. 충북 농식품 관련 동향 ····························································································· 16

1. 충북의 농식품 관련 산업 동향 ·····················································································16

2. 충북의 농식품 관련 기업 동향 ·····················································································21

Ⅲ. 충북 농특산물 수출 활성화를 위한 실태조사 ························································· 27

1. 조사 개요 ·······················································································································27

2. 실태 조사 분석 ··············································································································28

3. 조사 결과 분석 ··············································································································32

Ⅳ. 시사점 및 정책적 제언 ···························································································· 96

1. 시사점 ····························································································································96

2. 정책적 제언 ·················································································································100

Ⅴ. 결론 ························································································································ 105

1. 요약 ······························································································································105

2. 향후 연구 발전 방향 ···································································································107

참고문헌 ····························································································································110

Abstract ···························································································································113

일반적으로 농식품의 수출환경은 글로벌 통상환경의 변화와 그 궤를 같이하고 있다. 최근 미·중 무역 갈등의 심화, 우·러 전쟁의 장기화 등으로 글로벌 공급망이 재편되고 있으며, 이로 인해 보호무역주의와 자국 우선주의 강화에 따른 비관세 장벽이 확대되고 있어 수출장벽이 높아지고 있는 상황이다.
또한, 최근 몇 년간 ESG(Environmental, Social, Governance) 요소가 농업 및 농식품 산업에서도 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 특히, 최근 농식품 소비 트렌드는 건강한 삶과 지구환경을 생각하는 ‘스마트 그린 푸드(Smart-Green-Food)’ 추세가 강화되고 있다. 건강에 대한 니즈를 살펴보면 성장, 갱년기, 불면, 노화 등 생애주기별 건강을 위한 건강 기능성 식품 및 프리미엄 식품에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 한편, 디지털 전환으로는 AI와 AR, Cloud 기술이 제조 과정부터 소비자가 최적화된 식품을 선택할 수 있는 방법까지 스마트 그린 푸드 라이프 스타일에 기여하고 있다.
이러한 글로벌 트렌드를 고려할 때, 충북의 농업 및 농식품 산업은 지속 가능성과 혁신을 중심으로 한 수출 전략이 긴요하다. 본 연구는 충청북도 농업이 수출 다변화 전략을 추구하기 위해 먼저 현대 사회에서 농업 패러다임의 변화를 조사하고, 충북 농업의 현황을 심층·분석하였다. 특히, FTA 협정이 농업의 수출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았으며, 농업의 디지털 전환 및 ESG 전략 등 다양한 수출 증진 전략도 고찰했다. 이러한 기초 위에서 충북 농업의 FTA 활용 측면, 수출 활성화 과정에서의 애로사항을 도출하였고, 이를 종합적으로 해결하기 위해 ‘ABCD 모델’을 활용한 종합적 전략을 제시하였다.
연구 결과에 따르면, 충청북도는 특정 농산물 분야에서 상당한 잠재력과 우위를 가지고 있지만, 수출 조건에서 부족함이 있으며, 특히 지역 특산품에 대한 효과적인 수출 전략이 부족하다는 문제점이 도출되었다. 상술하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 충북 농식품 전체 수출액은 지속적인 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 글로벌 경제의 불안정성이 충청북도 농산물 무역에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 충청북도 농산품의 對 일본, 호주, 러시아, 이스라엘 수출 증가율 측면에서 마이너스 성장을 기록했다. 이에 따라 대응 전략의 조정이 필요하다. 둘째, 각국의 농작물 수출 특성을 고려할 때, 충청북도는 자국의 농작물의 우위를 충분히 활용하지 못해 농산물 수출실적은 부진한 상황이다. 셋째, 충청북도는 여러 나라 FTA를 체결하였지만 이를 효과적으로 활용하지 못하고 있는 상황이다. 특히, 충청북도가 FTA(자유무역협정)를 효과적으로 활용하지 못하는 것은 농산물 수출에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다.
이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 ABCD 전략을 활용하여 농업 수출 활성화를 위한 종합적 전략을 제시한다. 첫째, ‘민첩성(Agility) 전략’으로서, 최신 농업 기술을 신속하게 도입하고, 지속적으로 변화하는 기후 조건에 적응할 수 있는 충북형 특화역량 강화가 필요하다. 둘째, ‘벤치마킹(Benchmarking) 전략’으로서, 세계적으로 인정받는 농업 관리 및 기술을 벤치마킹하여 충북형 농업모델을 구축해야 한다. 셋째, ‘융합(Convergence) 전략’으로서, 산학연 융합을 통해 지속 가능한 농업 인프라 및 생태계를 구축해야 한다. 넷째, ‘헌신(Dedication) 전략’으로서, ESG 기반의 지속 가능한 농업과 FTA 활용을 통한 수출경쟁력 강화를 추구해야 할 것이다.

제I장 서론 ·····················································································································9

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ···········································································································9

 1.1 연구 배경 ·················································································································9

 1.2 연구 목적 ···············································································································10

2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ········································································································10

 2.1 연구 내용 ···············································································································10

 2.2 연구 방법 ···············································································································12

제Ⅱ장 이론적 배경 ········································································································13

1. 지속 가능한 농업과 수출 ······························································································13

2. FTA와 농업 ···················································································································16

3. ABCD 모델과 농업 ·······································································································19

4. ESG 경영과 농업 ··········································································································20

5. 디지털 전환과 농업 ·······································································································22

제Ⅲ장 충북 농업의 FTA 교역 현황 ·············································································27

1. 충북 FTA의 지원대책 현황 ··························································································27

2. 충북 FTA의 특혜대상 비중 ··························································································28

3. 충북 FTA의 산업별 활용 현황 ·····················································································29

4. 충북과 FTA 체결국들의 교역 규모(수출) ····································································31

제Ⅳ장 충북 농업의 수출 현황 ······················································································34

1. 충북 농업의 현황 ··········································································································34

 1.1 충북 농작물의 재배면적 ························································································34

 1.2 충북의 작물 현황 ··································································································44

2. 충북 농식품의 수출 현황 ······························································································49

 2.1 충북 농식품의 수출 성과 현황 ···············································································49

 2.2 충북 농식품의 시·군별 수출액 ···············································································51

 2.3 충북 농식품의 국가별 수출액 ·················································································52

3. 충북의 국가별 농산물 수출 현황 ··················································································55

 3.1 충북의 對 호주 농산물 수출 ················································································55

 3.2 충북의 對 태국 농산물 수출 ················································································58

 3.3 충북의 對 필리핀 농산물 수출 ·············································································59

 3.4 충북의 對 일본 농산물 수출 ················································································61

 3.5 충북의 對 미국 농산물 수출 ················································································62

 3.6 충북의 對 중국 농산물 수출 ················································································65

 3.7 충북의 對 러시아 농산물 수출 ·············································································67

4. 충북 농업 수출의 문제점 ····························································································69

제Ⅴ장 충북 농산물의 종합적 수출 전략 ···································································· 73

1. FTA 활용률을 기반으로 한 수출 전략 ········································································73

 1.1 FTA 수출활용률이 높은 국가들 ·········································································73

 1.2 FTA 수출활용률이 중간 국가들 ·········································································74

 1.3 FTA 수출활용률이 낮은 국가들 ·········································································74

2. 충북 농산물의 수출 전략 ······························································································75

 2.1 ABCD 관련 사례 및 시사점 ················································································75

 2.2 충북 농업의 ABCD 전략 ···················································································87

참고문헌 ····························································································································91

부록 ·····································································································································99

 1. 충북의 주요 지역별 전략 ··························································································99

 2. 충북 상하이 농업사무소 ························································································102

Abstract ···························································································································108

충청북도 농업은 최근 큰 변화를 겪고 있다. 그러한 변화는 농업의 글로벌화와 지속 가능한 발전 목표(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs), 디지털 전환(Digital Transformation), ESG 경영, 농업 가치사슬 등의 다양한 측면에서 나타나고 있다. 세계화와 지속 가능한 발전을 목표로 충청북도 농업은 점점 더 국제적인 교류와 협력을 강화하고 있으며, 이는 자매결연과 같은 지역 간 농업교류를 통해 구현되고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서, 충청북도는 지속 가능한 농업과 세계화를 위해 올바르고 가치 있는 외연 확대 전략을 수립할 필요가 있다.
본 연구는 먼저, 충청북도 농업의 현황과 달라지고 있는 농업 패러다임을 조사하고 분석했다. 특히 디지털 전환, ESG 경영, 가치의 공동 창출(Co-creation of Value) 이론이 현대 농업에 미치는 영향을 중점적으로 다루었다. 이러한 기초 위에서, 포터(Porter)의 가치사슬 모델을 통해 현대 농업의 부족한 점을 찾아내고, 이를 바탕으로 충청북도 농업에 적용할 수 있는 방안을 도출했다.
연구 결과, 충청북도 농업은 국제교류와 협력에서 일부 한계를 확인하였으며, 이에 대한 대응 방안으로 사중 나선 모델(Quadruple Helix)과 포터의 가치사슬 이론을 결합하여 충청북도 농업 협력에 대한 전략적인 방안을 제시했다. 한편, 성공적인 관련 사례 조사를 통해 분석된 충청북도 농업교류의 문제점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농업기술과 품목 교류에 국한되어 있으며, 국제협력이 주로 농업 분야 내에서만 이루어지고 있다. 둘째, 교류 결과의 활용이 적고, 그 영향력이 제한적이다. 셋째, 교류 활동이 일회성 또는 단기에 그치는 경향이 있다. 넷째, 참여 주체가 주로 정부, 기업, 연구기관으로 구성된 단일화된 구조를 지니고 있다. 다섯째, 주체는 주로 삼중 나선 모델(Triple Helix Model: 정부, 기업, 연구소 또는 대학)의 협력으로 구성되어 있다. 여섯째, 기술 및 제품 협력 위주이며, 전통적인 방법에 의존하고 있다.
본 연구에서는 충청북도가 농업의 국제화와 지속 가능성을 확대하기 위한 해결 방향을 제시했다. 먼저, 충청북도 농업은 ESG 경영과 농업의 디지털 전환에 집중해야 한다. 이러한 노력을 통해 환경, 사회, 지배구조 측면에서의 지속 가능한 발전을 달성할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 농업의 삼중 나선(Triple Helix) 모델에서 사중 나선(Quadruple Helix) 모델로의 전환을 추진해야 한다. 즉, 정부, 기업, 대학/연구기관뿐만 아니라 시민사회와 문화적 참여를 포함한 포괄적인 주체들의 협력을 통해 농업교류의 범위와 깊이를 확장할 필요가 있다.
다시 말해서, 충청북도 농업은 디지털 기술을 적극적으로 도입하여 농업 생산성을 높이고, ESG 경영을 통해 지속 가능한 발전을 도모해야 한다. 또한, 다양한 주체가 참여하는 교류 플랫폼을 구축하여 교류의 지속성을 유지하고, 농업교류의 결과를 현장 문제 해결에 활용하여 그 의미와 효과를 극대화해야 할 것이다. 이러한 전략적 접근을 통해 충청북도 농업은 국제적 경쟁력을 갖추고 지속 가능한 발전을 이룰 수 있을 것이다.

제I장 서론 ························································································································· 9

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ···········································································································9

2. 연구의 범위와 방법 ·····································································································11

제Ⅱ장 연구의 배경 ········································································································ 13

1. 농업의 국제화와 농업 협력 ···························································································13

2. 농업의 지속 가능성과 농업 협력 ··················································································15

3. 농업의 디지털 전환과 농업 협력 ················································································17

4. 농업의 ESG와 농업 협력 ···························································································19

5. 4중 나선(Quadruple Helix) 모델과 농업 협력 ························································21

제Ⅲ장 충북 농업의 현황 ······························································································· 26

1. 한국 농업의 현황 ··········································································································26

2. 충북 농업의 현황 ··········································································································27

3. 충북 농업의 기본 여건 ·································································································30

4. 충북 농업의 수·출입 현황 ····························································································30

제Ⅳ장 충북 농업의 패러다임 전환 ··············································································· 34

1. 지속 가능성의 개념과 농업에의 적용 ···········································································36

2. 농업 국제개발협력의 전환 ·····························································································36

3. 디지털 전환과 농산업의 변화 ·······················································································39

4. 교류 협력을 통한 농업 디지털 발전사례: 중국 ···························································39

5. ESG 경영과 농산업의 변화 ··························································································43

6. ESG 경영과 농산업의 변화 사례: 미국 ·······································································44

7. 4중 나선 모델과 농산업의 변화 ···················································································46

8. 4중 나선 모델과 농산업의 변화 사례: 네덜란드 ·························································47

9. 가치사슬 이론과 현대 농업의 변화 ··············································································52

제Ⅴ장 충북 농업과 국제교류 ························································································ 55

1. 충북 농업의 국제교류 현황 ···························································································55

2. 충북 농업 관련 지역교류(자매결연) ··············································································72

3. 충북 농업 국제교류의 한계점 ·······················································································74

제Ⅵ장 충북 농업의 외연 확대 전략 ············································································· 78

1. 충북의 외연 확대 전략 ·································································································78

 1.1 충북의 지속 가능한 농업 구현 ·············································································78

 1.2 디지털 전환과 농업의 국제교류 ···········································································79

 1.3 ESG 경영과 국제교류사업 ····················································································80

 1.4 가치공동창출(Co-creation)과 국제교류사업 ·······················································81

 1.5 충북 국제협력모델의 도출 ····················································································82

2. 가치사슬에서 도출된 미래의 지속 가능한 농업 ···························································86

 2.1 충북 농업의 새로운 가치사슬 ···············································································86

3. 요약 및 시사점 ··············································································································95

참고문헌 ·························································································································96

Abstract ························································································································103

유럽의 탄소국경조정제도는 유럽 역외에서 생산된 탄소집약적 제품에 대해 관세를 부과하는 제도이다. 이 제도에 따르면 2025년까지는 배출량에 대한 보고의무만을 부여받지만 2026년부터는 배출량 검증 및 탄소국경조정제도 인증서 구입과 제출에 대한 의무가 추가된다. 본 연구는 유럽의 탄소국경조정의 향후 대응 시나리오를 수립하고 분석한 후 최적 대응방안을 도출한다. 정책 차원에서 한국 정부 및 충청북도 지자체의 산업현황과 대응방안을 모색하였고 주요국의 지방정부의 사례를 살펴보았다. 첫 번째 시나리오는 탄소국경조정 및 여타의 환경정책이 존재하는 않는 시장 자율적인 시나리오를 설정한다. 이후 기본 시나리오를 기초로 탄소국경조정 및 탄소세 부과 등의 환경 규제와 정책이 추가될 때마다 국가 경제가 어떠한 영향을 받는지를 부분균형분석을 통해 파악해 보고자 한다. 시나리오의 비교를 통해 국가별 최적 대응 상황을 파악해 볼 수 있었다. 분석 결과 유럽의 탄소국경조정을 전제된 상황하에서는 역외국은 탄소세를 부과함으로써 탄소국경조정을 회피하는 전략이 가장 주요한 전략으로 파악된다. 이는 탄소세 부과가 탄소국경조정을 통해 관세를 부과를 회피함과 동시에 역외국 정부의 세수를 증대시켜 사회후생에 기여하기 때문이다. 한편 분석결과 유럽이 지정한 탄소국경조정 대상 품목 및 향후 지정대상품목은 현재의 충청북도의 주요 수출품들과는 큰 연관성이 없는 것으로 확인되었고 이는 단기측면에서 충청북도의 기업들은 직접적인 탄소국경조정세에 해당사항이 없음을 의미한다. 그러나 장기적으로 유럽의 탄소국경조정이 전세계적으로 환경보호의무 수준을 높이도록 유도할 것이다. 대기업은 ESG 등으로 환경의무에 이행에 대한 인식이 높고 대응여력이 존재하는 편이나 중소기업은 그렇지 않다. 특히 생산가치사슬상에서 충북의 중소기업과 거래관계에 있는 해외기업이나 대기업이 높은 수준의 환경보호 의무를 강제하게 될 때 충북지역의 중소기업은 환경위험에 직면할 수 있어 이에 대한 지원 방안이 요구된다. 이와 관련한 영국이나 미국 지방정부의 탄소배출량 저감 관련된 지역 중소기업 지원 사례를 소개하면서 분석을 마무리 한다.

제I장 서론 ························································································································· 7

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ···········································································································7

2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ·········································································································9

3. 선행연구 검토 ··············································································································10

제II장 국내외 탄소 무역규제 동향 ················································································· 13

1. 탄소무역규제 현황 및 시사점 ·······················································································13

2. 국내 탄소무역규제 관련 대응 동향 ············································································17

제III장 충북 탄소 다배출 산업 현황 ·············································································· 20

1. 충북 지역경제 및 산업현황 분석 ··················································································20

2. 충북 산업단지 분석과 탄소 다배출 산업 현황 ····························································34

제Ⅳ장 탄소국경조정세 시나리오 분석 ·········································································· 40

1. 환경규제 없는 모형 ·······································································································41

2. 1국의 탄소국경조정제도 실시 ·····················································································43

3. 1국과 2국의 탄소국경조정제도 실시 ··········································································45

4. 1국과 2국의 탄소국경조정제도 및 2국의 탄소세부과 ··············································47

5. 1국과 2국의 탄소국경조정제도 및 2국과 3국의 탄소세부과 ···································49

6. 모형간 탄소배출량 및 사회후생 비교 ···········································································51

제Ⅴ장 결론 및 정책적 시사점 ······················································································ 54

1. 한국 및 충북 경제에 미치는 영향 ················································································54

2. 정책적 시사점 ················································································································57

3. 결론 ································································································································60

참고문헌 ······························································································································62

Abstract ·····························································································································63

충북은 민선8기 들어서면서 임신‧출산관련 정책들을 다양하게 실행하고 있다. 그중 대표적인 공약은 출산육아수당 1,000만원을 5-6년간 분할하여 지급하는 것으로 2023년 1월 1일 출생자부터 지급하고 있다. 통계청 인구동향조사에 따르면, 2023년 충북은 출생아수, 합계출산율, 조출생률 모두 증가한 유일한 지자체로 기록되었다. 본 연구는 2023년 출산육아수당 신청가구를 대상으로 출산육아수당에 대한 인식을 조사하여 충북 출산육아수당 정책 방향을 설정하고자 한다.
외국의 출산지원금 정책을 살펴보면, 먼저 일본은 건강보험에 기반하여 출산육아일시금, 출산수당을 지급하여 출산에 필요한 경제적 부담을 경감한다. 또한 베이비퍼스트 제도를 통해 임신 시에 임산부 국가의 출산응원선물로 1인당 5만 円 상당의 포인트를 지원하고, 출산 후 국가의 육아응원선물 5만 円에 도쿄도 자체 지원금 5만 円을 합쳐 아동 1인당 10만 円 상당의 포인트를 지원하며 도쿄도민일 경우 소득과 상관없이 지원한다.
싱가포르는 베이비 보너스제도를 통해 싱가포르 시민권자가 출산할 경우 현금급여(Baby Bonus Cash Gift), 아동발달지원계좌(Child development Account, CDA) 등의 지원 제공한다. 현금급여로는 첫째, 둘째자녀 6.5세까지 11,000SDG, 셋째 자녀 이상은 13,000SDG를 지급한다. 아동발달지원계좌는 싱가포르 시민권자의 자녀를 위한 특별 공동 저축 계좌(co-savings account)로 비매칭 신생아지원금과 매칭지원금으로 구분된다. CDA에 저축된 금액은 Baby Bonus 승인기관(AIs)에서 등록 보육시설/유치원/특수학교/조기교육 프로그램의 수수료, 병원 등 의료기관 진료비, MediShield 또는 MediSave 보험료, 보조공학장치, 안경/콘택트렌즈, 약국 건강식품 등에 사용할 수 있다.
우리나라는 첫만남이용권, 부모급여, 가정양육수당, 아동수당 및 저소득층 출산양육지원(자녀장려금, 아동발달지원계좌, 기저귀조제분유 지원), 각종 공제 및 할인제도를 운영한다. 서울시는 탄생응원 프로젝트를 통해 임산부 응원 사업으로 임산부 교통비 지원, 서울형산후조리경비, 출산맘 몸·마음 토탈케어, 다태아 안심보험 등을 수행하며, 2025년부터 1인 자영업자, 프리랜서 임산부 여성에 출산급여 90만 원 지원, 임산부 배우자를 둔 1인 자영업자·프리랜서에 출산휴가 지원금 80만 원 지원(임산부 배우자의 직업은 무관함)한다. 경기도는 시군 자체사업으로 조례에 의해 출산지원금, 양육비 지원이 이루어지고 있으며, 충북은 임산부 산후조리비 지원, 임산부 교통비 지원, 출산육아수당 지원을 한다.
출산육아수당 효과성을 분석하기 위해 인식조사를 실시한 결과 추가 자녀계획이 있는 가정에서 가장 수요가 높은 정책은 주택마련 비용 부담경감, 보육비(교육비) 부담경감과 같은 경제적 지원으로 나타났다. 출산육아수당이 경제적 부담 감소에 기여한 정도는 4.01점, 출산육아수당에 대한 전반적인 만족도는 3.68점, 출산육아수당 지원금액 수준은 4.33점으로 증액해야 한다고 인식하였다. 또한 출산육아수당이 출산율 하락을 지연시킬 것으로 예상하는 정도는 3.82점, 인구증가(유입) 효과는 3.77점으로 예상하였다.
이러한 수요에 대응하기 위해 출산육아수당 제도의 방향은 출산육아수당 지원금액 및 지원방식 조정, 출산육아수당 자동 신청 및 알림 정보 제공, 전수조사 기반 데이터 구축이 있으며, 출산육아수당 이외의 제도에서는 신혼부부 주택마련 대출이자 지원 확대, 아동수당 기간 연장 및 아동발달지원계좌 마련, 육아기 부모를 위한 근로여건 개선이 필요하다.

제I장 서론 - 9

1. 연구배경 및 목적 - 9

2. 연구내용 및 방법 - 11

제II장 이론적 배경 - 13

1. 출산 관련 현황 - 13

2. 출산지원금 선행연구 고찰 - 20

제III장 출산지원금 정책 현황 - 24

1. 국외 - 24

2. 국내 - 28

제Ⅳ장 충북 출산육아수당 인식조사 - 36

1. 조사개요 - 36

2. 분석결과 - 37

제Ⅴ장 충북 출산육아수당 정책 방향 - 74

1. 요약 - 74

2. 정책 방향 - 78

참고문헌 - 82

Appendix - 85 

Abstract - 91

2023년 충북은 그동안 각고의 노력으로 드디어 COVID-19 위기를 완전히 극복하는 성과들을 도출하고, 숙원사업의 해결로 새로운 충북의 미래 도약을 위한 전환점을 마련한 의미 있는 한 해로서 이와 관련된 충북의 10대 이슈를 선정

※ 본 연구보고서는 미발간 자료로 자료문의는 연구협력팀 담당자에게 연락바랍니다.

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I. 1. Overcoming Crisis - 위기 극복 & 성과 창출

II. Creating a turning point - 숙원사업 해결과 성장추세의 전환점 마련

Ⅲ. Preparing for the future – 새로운 미래를 위한 준비