충북연구원

◯ 한국의 농촌은 1980년대 이후 점점 인구가 줄어 소멸의 위기에 처해 있으며, 지역경제가 낙후되는 어려움을 겪고 있음. 최근 농촌으로 귀농·귀촌하는 인구가 늘어나는 추세이기는 하나, 농촌에서는 이들을 받아 줄 준비가 되어 있지 않음
◯ 2022년 농림식품부 실태조사에 따르면 귀농의 사유는 자연환경이 32.4%로 가장 높았고, 그다음은 농업의 비전 및 발전 가능성 21.0%, 가업승계 20.0% 등으로 나타남. 귀촌은 농산업 외 직장 취업이 22.6%로 가장 높았으며, 자연환경 14.1%, 정서적 여유 13.2% 순으로 나타남
◯ 이처럼 귀농귀촌인들에게 농촌의 자연환경에 대한 기대감이 높은 반면, 실제 농촌의 자연환경은 점차 나빠지고 있고, 과거의 농촌다움을 상실하고 있음. 환경오염 배출시설은 도시에서 밀려 농촌으로 이주하고 있으며, 농촌의 비점오염원은 점차 증가하는 상황임. 농촌의 고령화는 친환경농업 등의 농촌 자연환경 관리를 더욱 어렵게 하고 있음
◯ 본 연구는 충북 농촌의 자연환경 실태를 조사·검토하여 환경적으로 매력적인 농촌을 만들기 위한 정책방향을 제시할 목적으로 수행하였음. 이를 통해 수도권에서 근접한 충북으로의 귀농귀촌 인구를 늘리고, 이들을 기반으로 농촌의 경제적 활성화와 자연환경 보전을 실현할 수 있을 것으로 기대됨
◯ 충북 농촌의 대기환경은 대체로 양호한 편이나, 단양군은 대형 시멘트공장으로 인하여 도시지역(충주시, 제천시) 보다 더 많은 오염물질이 배출되고 있음. 충북의 물환경은 농촌지역이 대부분 Ⅰ, Ⅱ 등급을 달성하고 있으나, 미호강유역의 경우는 도시지역 보다 농촌지역의 수질이 더 나쁜 것으로 나타남
◯ 연구결과, 농촌의 자연환경 관리 개선 방향으로 첫째, 관 주도의 환경관리체계에서 주민 주도적 환경관리로 전환, 둘째, 귀농귀촌 노동인구 활용과 지원정책 추진, 셋째, 마을공동체 활성화를 통한 환경보호 인식 제고, 넷째, 주요 비점오염원인 가축분뇨의 자원순환체계 수립 및 지원, 마지막으로 행정과 주민의 중간조직으로 환경거버넌스 구성 및 활성화를 제안함

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ················································································································· 3

2. 관련 선행연구 고찰 ··············································································································· 5

3. 연구 범위 및 방법 ················································································································· 8

Ⅱ. 충북의 농촌 현황 ····································································································· 11

1. 농촌의 정의 ·························································································································· 13

2. 충북 농촌의 현황 ················································································································· 17

Ⅲ. 충북 농촌의 자연환경 ······························································································ 21

1. 충북 농촌 자연환경 ············································································································· 23

2. 충북 농촌의 자연환경 관리실태 ·························································································· 34

3. 충북 농촌 자연환경 실태의 시사점 ···················································································· 42

Ⅳ. 농촌 자연환경 개선방향 ··························································································· 45

1. 농촌에 대한 인식조사 ·········································································································· 47

2. 농촌 자연환경 선진사례 ······································································································ 54

3. 깨끗한 농촌의 자연환경 관리 방향 ···················································································· 69

Ⅴ. 결론 ·························································································································· 75

1. 결론 ······································································································································ 77

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 79

Appendix ······················································································································· 81

1. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 83

2. Table of Contents ··········································································································· 85

본 연구는 충청북도 통근통학 관련 모바일 빅데이터의 수집·가공을 통해, 그간 발견하지 못했던 충청북도의 통근통학 특성을 진단하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 2022년 10월 3째주 월~금까지 5일간의 읍면동별 통근통학 모바일 빅데이터를 토대로 충북의 통근통학 통행시간 및 특성을 분석한다.
분석결과 충청북도의 평균 통근통학시간은 약 49.1분으로 분석되고, 세부적으로 살펴보면, 평균 통근시간 52.7분(출근 24.6분, 퇴근 28.1분), 평균 통학시간 28.0분(등교 13.8분, 하교 14.2분)으로 분석된다.
음성군과 진천군이 각각 57.2분, 56.3분으로 가장 높게 분석되며, 상대적으로 인구밀도가 높은 청주시, 충주시, 제천시 등이 각각 48.9분, 44.6분, 40.7분으로 기타 군지역에 비해 짧은 통근통학 통행시간으로 분석된다. 읍면동별로 살펴보면 도시지역의 경우 읍면동별 통행시간의 편차가 적고, 군지역의 경우는 통행시간의 편차가 큰 것으로 나타난다.
연령대별 통근통학 통행시간을 보면 50대의 통행시간이 55.6분으로 가장 긴 것으로 분석되며, 남성이 여성에 비하여 평균 약 8.5분 가량 통행시간이 더 길고, 통근통학 인구 또한 더 많은 것으로 분석된다. 읍면동별 통근통학 특성을 살펴보면 ‘동일 시군구 읍면동 이동(내부통행)’이 약 27.2%, ‘동일 시군구내 다른 읍면동으로의 이동’이 약 57.1%, 그리고 ‘타 지자체 이동’이 약 15.7%로 나타난다.
본 연구는 지역에서 진행되지 않았던 모바일 빅데이터를 활용하여, 그간 알지 못했던 충북의 통근통학 통행시간과 그 특성(성별, 연령별, 읍면동별)에 대해 분석하였다는 데 의의가 있다. 하지만 여전히 많은 질문들이 남아 있는 가운데, 향후 지역발전을 위한 다양한 빅데이터 기반의 연구가 진행되길 바란다.

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 배경 및 목적 ·························································································································· 3

2. 내용 및 방법 ·························································································································· 4

Ⅱ. 기초현황 진단 ············································································································· 5

1. 기초현황 ································································································································· 7

2. 교통현황 ······························································································································· 13

3. 통근통학 문헌고찰 ··············································································································· 19

4. 통근통학 관련 데이터 ·········································································································· 22

Ⅲ. 통근통학 기초분석 ··································································································· 25

1. 모바일 교통 빅데이터 구축 ································································································· 27

2. 충북의 통근통학 기초분석 ··································································································· 32

Ⅳ. 시군별 통근통학 특성분석 ······················································································· 51

1. 청주시 ··································································································································· 53

2. 북부권 3시군 ······················································································································· 56

3. 중부권 4군 ··························································································································· 59

4. 남부권 3군 ··························································································································· 62

5. 소결 ······································································································································ 65

Ⅴ. 결론 ·························································································································· 67

1. 연구결과 요약 ······················································································································ 69

2. 향후 연구과제 ······················································································································ 70

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 73

Appendix ······················································································································· 75

1. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 77

2. Table of Contents ··········································································································· 79

본 연구는 충북의 근대건축물(건축자산과 건축유산 포함)이 가진 역사적, 문화적 가치를 통해 지역 정체성과 경관을 창출하고 도시 재생 및 지역 활성화를 이루는 것을 목적으로 진행되었다. 이를 위해 근대건축자산과 건축유산 등과 관련된 제도현황을 살펴보았으며, 국내 유사사례를 검토하고, 충북의 청주를 대상으로 활용가능성을 검토하였다.
먼저, 관련 법적 기반으로는 ‘한옥 등 건축자산의 진흥에 관한 법률’과 최근 제정된 ‘근현대문화유산 보존 및 활용에 관한 법률’이 있다. 이를 통해 건축자산진흥구역 지정, 우수건축자산 등록 및 지원 등이 가능하다. 그러나 관련 지원 제도의 부족으로 인해, 전국적으로 건축자산진흥구역의 지정 및 우수건축자산의 등록 실적은 그리 많지 않은 편이다.
한편, 근대건축물을 활용하여 지역의 새로운 경관을 창출한 국내 유사 사례는 다양한 방식으로 실현되고 있다. 대표적으로 대구 중구 근대문화골목, 인천 개항장, 구룡포 근대문화역사거리 등을 살펴보았다.
이상을 검토하여 충북의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 충북의 근대건축물 중 청주 원도심에 다수가 집중되어 분포되어 있음을 착안하여, 청주시 원도심의 근대건축물을 대상으로 원도심 근대건축물 활용방안을 검토하였다. 이를 통해 지역 주민의 자긍심을 고취하고, 지역 경제 및 관광 활성화에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
이 연구는 충북의 근대건축물 보존과 활용 가능성을 체계적으로 검토하며, 도시 재생 및 지역개발을 위한 실질적 정책 대안을 제시하는 데 의의가 있다. 이를 통해 충북의 역사적 건축자산이 미래 세대에게 중요한 자산으로 계승될 수 있도록 지원하는 기초 자료로 활용될 것이다.

Ⅰ. 연구의 개요 ················································································································ 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ················································································································· 3

  1) 연구의 배경 및 필요성 ······································································································ 3

  2) 연구의 목적 및 의의 ········································································································· 6

2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ············································································································· 7

  1) 연구의 범위 ························································································································ 7

  2) 연구의 방법 ························································································································ 7

3. 선행연구 고찰 ························································································································ 9

II. 관련 제도 현황 ·········································································································· 11

1. 근대건축자산과 근대건축유산 ······························································································ 13

  1) 건축자산 ··························································································································· 13

  2) 건축유산 ··························································································································· 14

  3) 건축유산과 건축자산 ········································································································ 17

2. 관련 제도 및 법률 ··············································································································· 20

  1) 한옥 등 건축자산의 진흥에 관한 법률 ··········································································· 20

  2) 근현대문화유산의 보존 및 활용에 관한 법률 ································································ 25

  3) 기타 관련 제도 ················································································································ 26

3. 충북 건축자산진흥 시행계획(2020) ···················································································· 28

III. 관련 사례 연구 ········································································································· 33

1. 대구 중구 향촌동 근대문화골목 ·························································································· 35

2. 인천 개항장 문화지구 ·········································································································· 45

3. 구룡포 근대문화역사거리 ··································································································· 48

4. 통영시 근대역사문화공간 ··································································································· 52

5. 대전 원도심 문화예술특구거리 ···························································································· 57

6. 종합 시사점 ·························································································································· 60

Ⅳ. 청주시 근대건축물 현황 및 활용 제안 ··································································· 63

1. 국가문화유산 및 건축자산 현황 ·························································································· 65

  1) 청주시 문화유산(건축 및 구조물) 현황 ·········································································· 65

  2) 건축자산 분포현황 ········································································································· 68

  3) 청주 미래유산 현황 ········································································································· 70

2. 청주 원도심 건축자산진흥구역 제안 ··················································································· 72

  1) 대상지 개요 ······················································································································ 72

  2) 근대건축물 현황 ··············································································································· 73

  3) 근대역사거리 계획(안) ····································································································· 77

Ⅴ. 결론 및 정책제언 ····································································································· 81

1. 결론 ······································································································································ 83

  1) 근대건축물 활용의 한계 ································································································ 83

  2) 근대건축물 활용의 가능성 ······························································································· 84

  3) 국내 유사사례를 통한 근대건축물 활용의 특징 ····························································· 85

  4) 청주시 건축자산진흥구역의 가능성 검토 ········································································ 86

2. 정책제언 ······························································································································· 88

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 91

Appendix ······················································································································· 93

1. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 95

2. Table of Contents ··········································································································· 97

충청북도는 2023년 기준 전력자립률이 10.8%로 전국 최하위 수준에 머물러 있으며, 중앙집중형 에너지 공급 체계와 지역적 제약으로 인해 심각한 에너지 의존 문제를 겪고 있음. 본 연구는 이러한 상황을 개선하고 탄소중립을 실현하기 위한 에너지 전환 정책 방향을 제안하는 데 목적이 있음. 특히, 분산에너지 활성화 특별법과 지역별 전기요금제와 같은 최근 정부 정책이 충청북도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 지역 맞춤형 에너지 전환 전략을 도출하고자 함.
국내외 에너지 전환 동향 분석 결과, 주요국은 신재생에너지 확대와 함께 분산형 전원 도입, 에너지저장장치(ESS), 가상발전소(VPP), 마이크로그리드와 같은 첨단 기술을 통해 에너지 전환을 가속화하고 있음. 이러한 사례는 충청북도가 에너지 전환 전략을 수립하는 데 중요한 시사점을 제공함.
본 연구에서는 충청북도의 에너지 전환을 위해 네 가지 주요 전략을 제안함. 첫째, 신재생에너지 및 분산에너지 기술 개발과 보급 확대를 추진하고, 둘째, 에너지 전환 과정에서 산업과 고용 구조 변화에 대응하기 위한 정의로운 전환을 지원하며, 셋째, 지역 전력 소비 특성에 적합한 마이크로그리드 및 ESS 도입을 확대하고, 넷째, 분산에너지 특화지역을 지정해 관련 산업을 육성하는 방안을 제시함.
또한 연산가능일반균형(CGE) 모델을 활용한 경제적 효과 분석 결과, 신재생에너지 확대는 지역 경제 활성화와 고용 창출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났음. 이를 통해 충청북도가 탄소중립 실현과 경제적 지속 가능성을 동시에 달성할 수 있는 정책적 기반을 마련할 수 있음을 확인함.
본 연구는 충청북도가 재생에너지와 분산에너지 중심의 에너지 전환을 통해 에너지 자립도를 향상시키고, 국가 탄소중립 목표 달성에 기여할 수 있는 실질적인 방안을 제시하였음. 이를 통해 충청북도가 지속 가능한 미래를 만들어 나가는 데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단함.

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··················································································································· 3

2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ················································································································· 6

3. 선행연구 고찰 ························································································································ 7

Ⅱ. 국내외 에너지전환 동향 분석 ···················································································· 9

1. 국내외 에너지전환 정책 추진 현황 ···················································································· 11

2. 에너지전환 기술·비즈니스 모델 동향 ················································································· 29

3. 에너지전환 현황 ··················································································································· 36

Ⅲ. 에너지전환 정책의 경제적 효과 분석 ····································································· 47

1. 모델 구축 및 시나리오 분석 ······························································································· 49

2. 분석결과 ······························································································································· 56

Ⅳ. 친환경 에너지 전원 확대 방안 ················································································ 63

1. 에너지전환의 방향 ··············································································································· 65

2. 충청북도 에너지 전환의 과제 ····························································································· 68

Ⅴ. 결론 ············································································································· 71

참고문헌 ············································································································· 75

Appendix ··········································································································· 79

1. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 81

현재 우리나라는 저출생과 고령화로 인해 생산가능인구는 점점 줄어들고 있는 상황이다. 더욱이 청년층의 유휴 인력이 점점 증가하고 있어 국내 경제에 영향을 줄 뿐만 아니라 각종 사회적 비용이 크게 늘어날 수 있다.
청년의 고용 문제는 사회 문제 중 하나로 가장 큰 이슈가 된지 오래되었으며, 여전히 개선되지 못하고 있어 청년층 유휴 인력의 장기화 문제를 해소하기 매우 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 충청북도 청년층의 노동시장 현황과 노동환경 실태를 진단하고, 청년의 경제활동 참여 촉진을 위한 방안을 모색하고자 한다.
청년의 범위는 다양한 현행 법령에 따라 연령의 범위가 서로 상이하며, 지역의 특성에 맞게 지자체마다 청년의 나이를 다르게 규정하고 있다. 충청북도 청년층 연령은 ‘청년 기본 조례’ 제3조에 따라 19세 이상 39세 이하인 사람을 의미하고 있다.
충청북도 청년층의 노동시장과 노동환경에 대해 사용 가능한 통계자료를 분석하여 실태를 분석하였고, 주요 문제점은 다음과 같다.
첫째, 15~29세 청년층 경제활동인구는 점점 감소하고 있으며, 30~39세 청년층은 증가하고 있는 추세이나 전체 경제활동인구에 차지하는 비중은 전국과 비교해 낮은 수준으로 나타났다.
둘째, 남성 청년층의 취업자 수는 증가한 반면 여성 청년층의 취업자 수는 전국의 증가 추세와 달리 점점 감소하는 추세로 분석되었다. 특히, 여성 청년의 경우 ‘육아’와 ‘가사’의 이유가 비경제활동인구 증가 요인으로 나타났다.
셋째, 청년층의 임금수준은 전국과 비교해 비교적 높으나 근로시간은 다소 높은 것으로 분석되었다.
본 연구에서는 청년층의 노동시장 및 노동환경 분석을 바탕으로 청년층이 노동시장으로 유입을 촉진하기 위한 전략 및 지원 방향으로 모색하였으며, 이를 통해 지역 청년들의 삶의 질을 제고하며, 소득 증대와 소비로 이어지는 선순환 효과로 조금이나마 지역경제의 활성화를 기대한다.

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··················································································································· 3

2. 연구 범위와 내용 ··················································································································· 6

Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ···································································································· 7

1. 청년의 정의 및 특성 ············································································································· 9

2. 청년취업 이론 및 영향 요인 ······························································································· 13

3. 청년층 경제활동 및 비경제활동 영향 요인 ········································································ 16

Ⅲ. 충청북도 청년층 노동시장 및 노동환경 ·································································· 21

1. 청년층 노동시장 현황 ·········································································································· 23

2. 청년층 노동환경 현황 ·········································································································· 38

Ⅳ. 청년취업 정책 현황 ································································································· 41

1. 중앙정부 청년취업 정책 현황 ····························································································· 43

2. 충청북도 청년취업 정책 현황 ····························································································· 48

Ⅴ. 충청북도 청년층 경제활동 참여 제고를 위한 개선 방향 ······································· 53

1. 정책적 시사점 ······················································································································ 55

2. 개선 방향 ····························································································································· 56

참고문헌 ·············································································································· 63

Appendix ················································································································ 67

1. 부록 ······································································································································ 69

2. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 83

3. Table of Contents ··········································································································· 85

현재 우리나라 농업은 농촌인구감소와 고령화에 따른 농업노동력 감소, 이에 따른 재배면적 감소, 기후변화로 인한 각종 기상재해와 이상기온, 병해충 증가 등으로 위축되고 축소되는 상황임
이와 같이 농산업의 위축과 함께 환경오염, 기후변화, 소비패턴의 변화 등 다양한 변화에 대응하기 위해 농업에서도 새로운 기술이 필요하며 이러한 기술을 통해 오염, 토양 황폐화, 사막화로 인한 식량 부족, 물 부족, 탄소배출과 같은 실제 문제를 해결하려는 노력들이 이루어지고 있음
4차산업혁명의 기술적 변화를 반영한 애그테크(AgTech)는 이를 해결할 수 있는 농업분야의 핵심기술로 여겨지고 있으며 식량 부족 시대의 도래에 대비하기 위해 첨단기술을 활용해 최소 면적에서 최대 생산량을 얻는 것이 목적임
이에 충북 또한 ‘AI과학원년, 2024’를 선포하며 변화하는 농업환경에 대응할 수 있도록 첨단과학기술농업으로의 적극적 전환을 추진하고 있음
본 연구는 충북 농업재배환경을 진단하고 충북 농업현장에 정밀농업 확산을 통한 첨단과학기술농업으로 전환할 수 있는 방안을 모색함에 연구목적이 있음
충청북도는 채소재배면적 중 노지에서 재배하는 비중이 65.0%였으며 재배면적 규모를 생각했을 때는 제주특별자치도, 강원도 다음으로 작아서 시설농업을 기반으로 하는 정밀농업 도입보다는 노지농업 중심의 정밀농업 도입이 더 필요함
특히 과수재배의 비중이 높아 주로 재배하고 있는 사과와 포도는 전국에서 3번째 재배규모, 복숭아는 전국에서 2번째 규모를 가지고 있음
따라서 정밀농업기술을 도입하기 위해서는 이들 작목을 중심으로 할 필요가 있으며 충북은 전국 평균과 비교했을 때 40대 이하와 70대 이상 비중은 낮은 반면 50대와 60대의 비중이 높았음을 감안하여 청년농업인을 비중을 높이고 50대와 60대 중 정밀농업을 수행할 수 있는 역량을 가지는 농업인을 양성해야 함
정밀농업은 현재 4차산업혁명 기술과의 결합으로 과거 단순 농약과 비료의 적정한 투입에 중점을 두었었다면 이제는 위성시스템과 GPS 등을 활용해 토지 등의 상태를 모니터링을 통해 진단하고 이를 해결할 방안을 AI 및 빅데이터 분석을 통하여 해결 방안을 도출하며 이를 농작업에 적용하고 다음 농번기의 자료로 활용하도록 결과 분석을 함
또한 스마트팜을 이루는 한 축이 정밀농업인 만큼 정밀농업은 노지 스마트팜에 적용되어 있으며 이를 고려한 적용방안을 고민해야 함
활성화 방안은 ① 논농업과 과수중심의 정밀농업 보급, ② 정밀농업 보급이 원활한 농업환경 조성, ③ 현장으로의 보급을 위한 스마트농기계 임대, ④ 정밀농업 관련 기술 교육 확대, ⑤ 농업인·연구원·관련 업체 등이 중심이 되는 충북형 정밀농업기술개발, ⑥ 정밀농업기술 관련 전문인력 양성임

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··················································································································· 3

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ················································································································· 8

Ⅱ. 충북 농업 현황 ········································································································ 11

1. 충북 재배면적 및 농업인구 현황 ························································································ 13

2. 충북 주요 재배작물 ··········································································································· 22

3. 시사점 ··································································································································· 24

Ⅲ. 정밀농업 개념과 동향 ······························································································ 25

1. 정밀농업 개념 ······················································································································ 27

2. 국·내외 정밀농업 관련 사례 및 정책 ················································································ 38

3. 시사점 ··································································································································· 58

Ⅳ. 충북 정밀농업 도입 및 활성화 방안 ······································································· 59

Ⅴ. 결론 ·························································································································· 65

1. 연구내용 요약 ······················································································································ 67

2. 연구의 의의와 한계 ············································································································· 69

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 71

Appendix ······················································································································· 73

1. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 75

◯ 23년 '중부내륙연계개발구역 지원에 관한 특별법'이 제정되면서 중부내륙연계개발구역이 새로운 계획권역으로 태동했다. 이 권역은 충청북도와 충청북도에 접한 8개 시·도 27개 시·군을 대상으로 한다. 행정안전부, 환경부, 산림청과 8개 시·도가 이 구역을 육성하기 위한 종합정책을 마련할 계획이다. 하지만 이 계획구역은 기존의 시·도 행정구역 범위와 광역권 범위와 다른 최초의 계획구역으로, 이 구역 내 시군구 도시가 어떻게 연계되고 상호작용하는지에 대한 선행 연구가 부재하다.
◯ 따라서 본 연구에서는 인접한 충북 시·군을 대상으로 연계 네트워크 구조를 분석하여 이 구역 내 시·군의 기능적 연계 특성을 살펴보고자 했다. 분석 자료는 인구주택총조사 등 기존의 통계적 범위를 통해서는 이 구역을 분석할 수 없어 네비게이션(T-map) 이동 빅데이터를 활용했다. 시점은 2019년과 2023년을 비교하였다. 분석 기법으로는 사회 네트워크 분석을 사용하였다.
◯ 네트워크 분석을 통해 지역 간 협력 강도, 네트워크 중심성, 클러스터 유사성 등의 특성을 도출하였다. 분석 결과, 도시와 군 간 불균형 정도를 나타내는 지니계수는 감소하고 도시와 군 간 클러스터 유사성은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 특정 지역 간 중심성은 높은 반면 일부 지역에서는 네트워크 연결성이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 중부내륙연계발전지역의 균형 발전을 위해 지역 간 연계 협력의 필요성이 크다는 사실을 시사한다. 본 연구는 법제화 된 중부내륙연계발전지역의 구조적 특성을 네트워크 관점에서 분석한 최초의 시도이며, 향후 중부내륙연계발전지역의 지속가능한 발전을 위한 정책 방향을 설정하는 데 유용한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 지역 간 연계 전략의 필요성을 강조하고, 전략적 대응과 정책 방향을 제시한다.

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 배경 및 목적 ·························································································································· 3

2. 연구 범위 ······························································································································· 5

3. 연구 구성 ······························································································································· 7

Ⅱ. 관련 이론 ···················································································································· 9

1. 다중심 도시지역 고찰 ·········································································································· 11

2. 메가시티 고찰 ······················································································································ 14

3. 소결 ······································································································································ 16

Ⅲ. 분석 체계 ················································································································· 17

1. 분석 기법 ····························································································································· 19

2. 분석 자료 ····························································································································· 21

3. 분석 내용 ····························································································································· 26

Ⅳ. 분석 결과 ················································································································· 29

1. 2023년 연결망 특성 분석 ·································································································· 31

2. 2019년 연결망 특성 분석 : 2023년과의 비교 ································································ 42

Ⅴ. 결론 ·························································································································· 47

1. 연구결과 요약 및 정책적 시사 ··························································································· 49

2. 연구 한계 및 의의 ··············································································································· 51

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 53

Appendix ······················································································································· 57

1. ABSTRACT ····························································································································· 59

2. Table of Contents ··············································································································· 61

※ 본 연구과제는 연구위원의 요청으로 비공개 전환 합니다.

자녀가 아픈 경우, 정부가 공식적으로 지원하는 돌봄은 ‘아이돌봄서비스’ 중 질병감염아동지원서비스이다. 질병감염아동지원서비스는 ‘아동이 전염성 및 유행성 질병 감염 등에 의해 불가피하게 가정양육이 필요한 경우 아이돌보미가 돌봄장소에 직접 찾아가 돌봄을 제공하는 서비스’이다. 대상 질병은 법정 감염병, 유행성 질병이며 질병 아동의 병원 이용 동행, 재가 아이돌봄서비스를 제공한다. 그러나 해당 서비스는 대상 질병 외에 다른 질병으로 갑작스럽게 자녀가 아플 경우, 특히 자녀가 아프지만 업무를 조정할 수 없고 주변에서 도와줄 부모는 활용할 수 없다는 한계점이 있다.
본 연구는 긴급돌봄서비스 수요 중 자녀가 아플 때 대응할 수 있는 방안에 대한 탐색을 통해 충북에서 추가적으로 실시할 수 있는 사업 방안 마련의 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 문헌고찰과 사례조사를 실시하였다.
본 연구에서 긴급돌봄은 같은 재난상황에서의 한시적인 돌봄이 아닌 일상생활 속에서 ‘사전에 예고되지 않고 일시적이며 긴급하게 요구되나 부모 또는 주양육자가 직접 돌보기 힘들어 돌봄 공백이 우려되는 상황’에서의 돌봄으로 정의하며, 협의로 자녀가 아팠을 때 대응하기 어려운 경우를 의미한다.
일본의 경우 보육소에 다니는 자녀가 아픈 경우 맞벌이 가구에서 직접 아동을 돌보기 힘든 경우의 보육지원은 시설형과 비시설형(방문형)으로 구분된다. 보육대상은 생후 6개월~초등학생 대상으로 하며 예산은 중앙정부, 도도부현, 시정촌 각각 1/3씩 부담한다.
우리나라의 경우 시간제보육서비스, 연장형 어린이집, 다함꼐돌봄센터,학교돌봄터와 같은 기관을 통해 돌봄공백에 대응하고 있으나 본 연구의 성격과는 차이가 있으며, 가장 유사한 서비스는 아이돌봄서비스(질병감염아동지원서비스)이나 질병감염아동에 한정하여, 여전히 충족되지 않는다. 반면, 기초자치단체 중 서울시, 구미시는 아픈아이를 돌보기 위한 시설과 인력을 배치하여 운영 중이며 서울시 노원구는 2023년 2,430명, 광주시 동구는 340명이 이용하였다.
긴급돌봄에 대한 선행연구에 나타난 수요는 자녀가 아파서 등원(등교)하지 못한 경우 맞벌이와 홑벌이 간 격차가 0.35점으로 맞벌이가구의 어려움이 가장 높았다. 긴급돌봄 사유별 돌봄공백 발생 빈도는 자녀가 아파서 등원(등교)하지 못한 경우 월 1회, 년 3-4회가 24.5%로 가장 많으며 타 문항에 비해 빈도가 잦았다. 긴급돌봄서비스 지원이 필요한 상황 중 가장 높은 비중은 자녀가 아파서 등원하지 못한 경우로 57.9%이었으며, 이용기관 내 돌봄공간을 통한 지원을 영아, 유아, 초등자녀를 가진 모든 연령대 부모가 선호하였다.
아픈아이 돌봄서비스를 위한 제언으로는 첫째, 아픈아이를 시스템하에서 돌보아야한다는 사회적 인식이 제고되어야한다. 둘째, 아픈아이를 돌보기 위한 돌봄시설로는 어린이집, 초등돌봄교실 보다 인력을 활용하는 측면에서 가족센터가 더 효율적일 수 있으므로 본격적인 시행에 앞서 (시범)운영할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 정부 정책으로 아이돌봄서비스가 불특정하게 발생하는 아픈아이를 포함하여 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 서비스 유형 확대가 필요하다.

※ 본 연구과제는 연구위원의 요청으로 비공개 전환된 자료입니다. (※ 연구책임 이직)

1. 서론

1) 연구배경과 목적

2) 연구내용과 방법

2. 이론적 배경

1) 긴급돌봄의 범주

2) 긴급돌봄서비스 선행연구

3) 긴급돌봄서비스 정책 동향

4) 시사점 

3. 긴급돌봄서비스 현황

1) 선행연구에 나타난 긴급돌봄서비스 수요

2) 긴급돌봄서비스 인프라 현황

3) 긴급돌봄서비스 사례조사

4) 시사점

4. 충북 긴급돌봄서비스 정책 방향

1) 요약

2) 정책 방향

참고문헌

■ 최근 대내외 불확실성이 확대됨에 따라 위험요인을 분산함으로써 위기에 탄력적으로 대응하고 빠르게 회복하는 것을 의미하는 안정적 성장(Stability growth)이 양적 성장(Quantitative growth) 못지않게 중요한 지역경제의 성과 측정 요소로 대두되고 있는 상황임
■ 이에 충북의 일반집중률(대기업 의존도) 및 산업별 시장집중실태(산업 내 경쟁 정도)를 분석하여 특정 산업 및 대기업에 대한 의존도를 진단하는 한편, 시장집중과 성장패턴의 안정성 간의 관계를 파악함으로써 충북이 지속가능하고 안정적인 성장을 도모하기 위한 지역경제정책을 수립하는데 있어 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였음
■ 충북의 산업구조를 살펴보면, 1985년에는 농림어업 27.4%, 광업 2.1%, 제조업 32.2%, 전기가스업 1.8%, 건설업 4.7%, 서비스업 31.8%로 구성되어 별다른 특징이 없었으나, 제조업이 빠르게 성장하며 2022년에는 농림어업 2.9%, 광업 0.3%, 제조업 47.7%, 전기가스업 0.7%, 건설업 6.4%, 서비스업 42.1%로 구성된 제조 기반 산업구조로 변모하였음
■ 통계청 전국사업체조사에 따르면, 2022년 기준 충북의 전산업 사업체는 197,158개로 2018년(129,920개) 대비 67,238개(51.8%) 증가하였고, 종사자는 838,629명으로 2018년(713,339명) 대비 125,290명(17.6%) 증가하였으며, 매출액은 275.2조원으로, 2018년(195.5조원) 대비 79.7조원(40.8%) 증가하였음
■ 한편, 본 연구에서는 시장집중실태를 진단하기 위해 시장구조-행동-성과 간 일정한 관계가 성립한다는 가정 하에 CRk와 HHI를 이용하여 시장구조분석을 실시하였음
■ 일반집중률 상위 소수기업이 경제 전체에서 차지하고 있는 점유율 수준을 의미하며, 일반집중률이 높을수록 특정 업종에서의 경기변동이나 앵커기업의 이전 등과 같은 충격이 발생할 경우 지역경제의 불안정성이 확대될 수 있음
(대기업 의존도)을 살펴보면, 2022년 매출액 기준 충북의 CR3는 6.6% 수준인데, 이는 충북 전체 사업체(19.7만개)의 0.0015%에 불과한 상위 3개 기업의 매출액이 충북 전체 매출액(275.2조원)에서 차지하는 비중이 6.6%(18.3조원)에 달하고 있다는 것을 의미함
◯ 매출액 상위 100대 기업의 지역별 분포를 살펴보면, 청주시가 50개로 가장 많고, 다음으로 충주시 12개, 진천군․음성군 11개, 단양군 5개, 제천시․보은군 3개, 옥천군 2개, 영동군․증평군․괴산군 1개 등의 순인데, 이러한 결과는 균형발전의 필요성을 시사하고 있음
■ 산업별 시장집중도 특정 산업에서 기업들의 시장점유율을 기준으로 산정한 집중 정도이며, 시장집중도가 하락추세를 나타낸다면 해당 산업이 경쟁구조로 변화되고 있다는 것을 의미함
(산업 내 경쟁 정도)를 살펴보면, CR3 기준으로 완전경쟁시장은 57개(74.0%), 독점적경쟁시장은 9개(11.7%), 과점시장은 5개(6.5%), 독점시장은 1개(1.3%)이며, 기업이 하나도 없는 산업은 5개(6.5%)인 것으로 나타났고, HHI 기준으로 저집중시장인 산업은 60개(77.9%), 중집중시장인 산업은 7개(9.1%), 고집중시장인 산업은 5개(6.5%)이며, 기업이 하나도 없는 산업은 5개(6.5%)인 것으로 나타났음
◯ 3개 이하 기업의 시장점유율 합계가 75%를 초과하는 시장지배적 사업자로 구성된 독과점구조 산업은 2018년 9개에서 2022년 6개로 3개가 감소하였고, 시장집중이 고착화되어 2018년과 2022년 모두 독과점구조를 유지하고 있는 산업은 4개로 금속 광업, 가죽, 가방 및 신발 제조업, 환경 정화 및 복원업, 항공 운송업 등이 이에 해당함
■ 매출 관련 자료 취득의 한계로 인해 충북 산업구조의 89% 이상을 차지하고 있는 제조업(광업․제조업조사)과 서비스업(서비스업조사)을 중심으로 시장집중실태와 성장패턴의 안정성 간 관계를 살펴보았음
◯ 시장집중실태는 매출액 기준 HHI 분석결과를 활용하여 분산형 시장(저집중) 산업과 집중형 시장(중․고집중) 산업으로 구분하였는데, 분산형 시장 산업은 45개(81.8%), 집중형 시장 산업은 10개(중집중 3개(5.5%), 고집중 7개(12.7%))이며, 제조업이 서비스업에 비해 상대적으로 시장집중이 심한 것으로 나타났음
◯ 성장패턴의 안정성은 KSIC-10 개정에 따른 연속성을 감안해 2016년~2022년 간 해당 산업의 매출액으로 추산한 변이계수(CV)를 활용하여 매우 안정, 대체로 안정, 불안정으로 구분하였는데, 매우 안정적인 성장패턴을 보이는 산업은 6개(10.9%), 대체로 안정적인 성장패턴을 보이는 산업은 33개(60.0%), 불안정 성장패턴을 보이는 산업은 16개(29.1%)이며, 서비스업이 제조업에 비해 전반적으로 안정적인 성장패턴을 보이는 것으로 나타났음
■ 시장집중도(HHI)와 성장패턴의 안정성(CV)을 매칭한 결과, 고집중 시장은 매우 안정적인 성장패턴을 보이는 산업이 존재하지 않고 불안정한 성장패턴을 보이는 산업이 다수 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이러한 결과는 시장집중이 심할 경우 특정 소수 기업의 여건 변화에 해당 산업 전체가 영향을 받게 되므로 일반적으로 불안정한 성장패턴을 보일 가능성이 높다는 것을 시사하고 있음
■ 저집중 시장이면서 불안정적 성장패턴을 보이는 산업이 9개나 존재하는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 높은 경쟁 수준이 안정적인 성장을 담보하지는 않는다는 것을 시사하는 결과라 할 수 있음
◯ 주력산업의 시장집중과 성장패턴 간 관계를 살펴보면, 화학 물질 및 화학제품 제조업(화장품), 의료용 물질 및 의약품 제조업(제약), 전자 부품, 컴퓨터, 영상, 음향 및 통신장비 제조업(반도체) 등 오랜 기간 육성해 온 전통 주력산업은 대체로 안정적인 성장패턴을 보이는 반면, 새로운 성장동력으로 부상하고 있는 전기장비 제조업(이차전지), 자동차 및 트레일러 제조업(수송기계부품) 등은 불안정한 성장패턴을 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 급격한 성장세에 따른 긍정적인 불안정 성장이라 할 수 있음
■ 상기 분석결과에 기반할 때, 충북이 지속가능하고 안정적인 성장을 도모하기 위해서는 서비스업의 전략적 육성을 통한 산업구조 고도화, 성장동력의 다각화를 통한 산업구조 다양화, 전략적 투자유치를 통한 산업생태계의 병목현상 완화, 기업의 특성이 반영된 시의적절한 수요맞춤형 지원시스템 구축을 통한 내실있는 중견기업으로의 도약 발판 마련, 미래 트랜드 및 사회적 여건 변화를 반영한 지원 확대를 통한 중소기업 및 소상공인의 자생력 강화, 지역 간 균형발전 등을 추구하는 것이 요구됨
■ 요컨대, 충북은 주력산업의 경쟁력 향상을 통해 양적 고속성장을 지속하는 한편, 트랜드 및 여건 변화에 대응하여 성장동력을 다각화하는 동시에 지식서비스업 등의 전략적 육성을 통해 산업구조를 고도화 및 다양화함으로써 질적 안정성장을 도모하는 two-track 경제정책 방향을 설정해야 할 것임

Ⅰ. 서론 ·····························································································································1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ·················································································································3

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ·················································································································7

II. 우리나라의 시장집중실태 ·····························································································9

1. 일반집중도 ····························································································································11

2. 산업집중도 ····························································································································12

3. 독과점구조 유지산업 ············································································································14

Ⅲ. 충북의 산업 현황 및 특성 ·······················································································15

1. 산업구조 ·······························································································································17

2. 산업 현황 ·····························································································································22

3. 산업 특성 ·····························································································································35

Ⅳ. 충북의 시장집중실태 진단 ·······················································································49

1. 시장집중실태 측정지표 ········································································································51

2. 일반집중률(대기업 의존도) ··································································································52

3. 산업별 시장집중도(산업 내 경쟁 정도) ··············································································65

Ⅴ. 산업집중과 성장패턴 간 관계 분석 ·········································································79

1. 산업별 시장집중실태 ············································································································81

2. 산업별 성장패턴의 안정성 ···································································································83

3. 시장집중과 성장패턴의 안정성 ····························································································85

Ⅵ. 결론 및 정책적 시사점 ····························································································89

1. 결론 ······································································································································91

2. 정책적 시사점 ····················································································································100

참고문헌 ························································································································109

Appendix ·····················································································································111

1. 부록 ····································································································································113

2. ABSTRACT ·······················································································································157

평균수명의 연장, 가족부양 가치관의 변화 등으로 노인이 가구주인 가구의 비율이 점차 증가하고 있다. 2023년 가구주 연령이 65세 이상인 노인가구는 전체 가구의 25.1%를 차지하며, 2050년에는 그 비율이 49.8%까지 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 이러한 증가추세를 고려할 때 노인가구의 생활실태를 파악하는 것은 노인복지 정책의 방향성을 설정하는 데 있어 중요한 정책적 자료가 될 것으로 생각된다. 이에 본 연구는 가구주의 연령이 65세 이상인 가구를 ‘노인가구’로 정의하고 이들 노인가구의 경제적, 사회적 생활실태 및 노인 가구주 특성을 탐색적으로 파악함으로써 정책적 함의를 도출하고자 하였다.
I장에서는 연구의 배경 및 목적, 범위, 방법에 대해 서술하였고, II장에서는 노인가구에 대한 정의와 노인가구의 생활실태에 관련된 선행연구와 기존 통계자료를 검토한 결과를 정리하였다. III장에서는 노인가구에 대한 돌봄, 주거, 소득 등 중앙정부와 지방정부의 지원 정책에 대해 살펴보았다. IV장에서는 17차 한국복지패널조사 자료를 활용하여 노인가구의 생활실태를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 가구 및 가구원 병합 데이터를 구성하고 가구원 구성에 따른 가구 유형을 세분화한 후 1인 가구, 부부 가구, 노노가구, 미혼자녀 동거가구, 손자녀 동거가구, 기혼자녀 동거가구, 기타 가구로 재유형화하였다.
주요 분석 결과를 바탕으로 노인가구 지원을 위한 정책 방향을 논의하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전통적으로도 가장 취약한 인구집단으로 논의되는 노인 1인 가구는 전체 노인가구 중 40.5%로 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며 여러 측면에서 취약한 것으로 재확인되었다. 1인 가구에 대한 지원은 그동안 지속적으로 이루어져왔음에도 불구하고 본 연구에서도 여전히 가장 취약한 가구 유형인 것으로 드러남에 따라 1인 가구에 대한 지원은 앞으로도 지속되어야 할 뿐만 아니라 독립적인 생계와 생활이 가능하도록 추가적이고 포괄적인 지원이 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다.
둘째, 부부 가구는 경제적 어려움은 있으나 삶의 전반적인 만족도 수준이 1인 가구나 미혼자녀 동거가구에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 경제적 측면에 대한 사회적 지원이 부족한 상태로 추후 배우자 사망 등으로 1인 가구가 되었을 때 위기에 처할 가능성을 최소화하기 위한 선제적 정책 마련이 필요할 것으로 보인다.
셋째, 노노 가구의 경우 노인들만으로 구성되어 있다는 점에서 경제적, 사회적, 신체적·정신적 건강 등 객관적 측면에서 다소 취약할 수 있으나 필요한 사회복지서비스의 적절한 이용을 통해 취약성이 일정 수준 상쇄되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 지역사회 내 취약한 노인가구를 발굴하고, 필요한 서비스 연계, 모니터링이 지속적으로 뒷받침될 필요가 있다.
또한 자녀와의 동거를 원하지 않는 노인들의 비율이 점차 증가하는 데 비해 자녀들의 경제적 독립이 늦어짐에 따라 가족 간 갈등, 노인 가구주의 스트레스 및 우울 수준 증가 등의 부정적 영향에 대해 주목하고, 미혼 자녀 동거가구에 대한 심리적, 정서적 지원을 마련할 필요가 있을 것이다.
다섯째, 손자녀 동거가구의 비율은 1.4%에 불과하나 복합적이고 다차원적인 어려움에 노출되어 있으므로 적극적인 지원과 발굴이 필요한 실정이다. 그러나 손자녀 동거가구에서 이용한 적이 있는 사회복지서비스는 기초연금, 의료비지원, 물품지원 정도로만 파악된다. 고연령, 낮은 교육수준이나 건강상태 등을 고려할 때 신청주의에 기반한 다수의 사회복지서비스가 실효성 있게 전달되기 어려울 가능성이 있으므로 적극적으로 발굴하고 찾아가는 노력이 필요할 것이다.
마지막으로 노인가구의 사회복지서비스 이용 경험 분석결과를 볼 때, 노인가구에서 무료급식이나 식사배달, 방문 가정 간호/간병/목욕서비스, 이동편의서비스, 주·야간보호서비스, 사회참여서비스 등의 경험 비율이 매우 낮은 것으로 나타나 서비스 이용률 향상을 위한 대책이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 노인가구들이 이용하는 사회복지서비스 중 무료급식이나 식사배달과 관련하여 노인들의 영양 관리를 위한 식사 제공을 위해 국비 지원 및 확대, 무료 급식 및 식사배달을 위한 인력 확충 방안, 노인 개개인의 건강 및 영양상태에 따른 맞춤형 식사 제공 방법 모색 등 지자체 차원에서의 지원도 필요하다.
충북은 전국적으로도 65세 이상 노인이 가구주인 노인가구의 비율이 높은 편으로 본 연구를 통해 논의된 노인가구 지원 정책방향을 토대로 각 가구 유형에 적합한 지원 방안을 모색해 나갈 필요가 있을 것이다.

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ············································································································· 3

2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ············································································································· 5

II. 선행연구 검토 ·············································································································· 7

1. 노인 가구 정의 ······················································································································ 9

2. 노인가구 생활실태에 관한 선행연구 검토 ·········································································· 11

III. 노인 가구 지원 정책 ································································································ 17

1. 중앙정부 ······························································································································· 19

2. 지방자치단체 ························································································································ 30

IV. 노인 가구 생활실태 분석 ························································································ 35

1. 분석 개요 ····························································································································· 37

2. 분석 결과 ····························································································································· 40

Ⅴ. 결론 ·························································································································· 59

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 67

ABSTRACT ···················································································································· 73