충북연구원

◯ 친환경농업은 생물 다양성 보전과 생태계 순환 유지, 화학자재 최소 사용을 추구하는 지속가능한 농업으로 정의되며, 유기·무농약 농산물 생산이 핵심임. 국내에서는 1970년대 민간 중심의 유기농 운동으로 출발하였고, 1990년대 이후 정부가 제도화하며 제도적 기반이 강화되었음. 2000년대 중반 이후에는 생산과 소비 모두 확대되며 성숙기에 접어들었음
◯ 첨단과학기술 중 스마트농업과 그린바이오 기술이 친환경농업의 지속 가능성과 경제성 문제를 해결할 수 있는 대안임. 스마트농업은 IoT, AI, 자동화 기술을 활용해 농약·비료 사용을 최소화하고 정밀한 생육 관리, 원격 제어 등을 가능케 하며, 그린바이오 기술은 미생물 비료, 유전자 편집, 바이오차 등을 통해 화학 자재를 대체하고 토양 건강을 개선함
◯ 이를 친환경농업에 적용한 해외사례는 IoT 센서를 활용해 물 사용 40% 절감, 수확량 20% 증가시킨 스페인 라 리오하, 드론과 로봇으로 전 자동화된 유기농 작물 재배를 실현한 영국 Harper Adams University, AI 기반 수경재배로 물 사용 95% 절감한 인도 Krop AI, AI 제초 로봇으로 농약 사용량 최대 90% 감축한 미국 Blue River Technology, 바이오차로 토양 개선 및 탄소 격리 실현한 호주 시드니대학이 있음
◯ 국내사례는 ICT 기반 정밀 유기농 시스템을 실현 중인 괴산군 스마트유기농단지와 경북 사과 유기농 스마트팜임
◯ 이러한 사례들은 기술이 생산성과 환경 보호를 동시에 달성할 수 있음을 보여주며, 스마트농업은 특히 노동력 절감과 품질 향상 측면에서 경쟁력이 있음을 증명하였음. 다만 그린바이오 기술은 효과성은 높으나 실증 사례가 부족하므로 후속 연구와 보급 지원이 필요함
◯ 충청북도 내 친환경농업은 유기농 중심으로 증가 추세이며, 무농약농업은 감소 경향을 보인다. 지역별로는 괴산군과 단양군이 친환경재배 면적 비중에서 가장 높으며(5.5%, 5.4%), 청주시는 절대면적이 가장 큼
◯ 10년간 인증건수·면적·출하량 추이를 보면, 유기농은 증가하고 있으나 무농약은 대부분 지역에서 감소 또는 정체 상태이며, 출하량 역시 지역별로 편차가 큼. 괴산군, 단양군, 청주시 등은 양배추, 고구마 등의 친환경 작물 재배 비중이 높음
◯ 또한, 친환경농업 소득 분석에서는 고구마, 양배추, 감귤 등의 작목이 높은 소득률을 보인 반면, 양파, 방울토마토 등은 자가노동비 부담으로 수익성이 낮았음. 일반농산물 대비 소득은 작목별로 편차가 크며, 양배추(199.3%), 고구마(167.8%)는 일반농산물보다 높은 소득을 올린 반면 양파(49.9%) 등은 오히려 낮은 수익을 보였음
◯ 충북에서 친환경농업 실천 농업인들은 주로 노동력 부족, 병해충 방제의 어려움, 기후변화에 따른 불안정성, 판매 및 판로 확보의 한계 등을 주요 애로사항으로 지적하고 있음. 반면, 첨단과학기술 도입에 대해서는 대체로 긍정적인 기대감을 보이며, 자동 관비 시스템, 병해충 예찰기술, 생육환경 모니터링 등 실질적 도움이 되는 기술에 높은 수요를 나타냈음
◯ 이를 바탕으로 친환경농업에 스마트농업 도입 방안으로 ① 시범지구 중심의 단계적 도입, ② 작목 특화형 기술 패키지 개발, ③ 농업인 교육 및 수용성 확보, ④ 공공-민간 협력 통한 기술 보급이 있으며 그린바이오 도입 방안으로는 , ① 기술 실증 및 현장 보급 확대, ② 친환경 인증 연계, ③ R&D-농가 연계 체계 구축이 있음
◯ 이러한 첨단과학기술을 친환경농업 현장에 도입하기 위한 제도적 지원방안으로 ① 기술 확산 기반 조성, ② 경제적 유인 강화 , ③ 교육 및 역량 강화를 제안하였음

​Ⅰ. 서 론 ····························································································································1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ····················································································································3

2. 연구 범위와 방법 ····················································································································7

Ⅱ. 친환경농업의 이해 ·······································································································9

1. 국내 친환경농업의 정의와 역사 ···························································································11

2. 국내·외 친환경농업 적용 가능한 첨단과학기술 ·································································15

3. 친환경농업 관련 정책 ···········································································································22

4. 친환경농업 첨단과학기술 적용사례 ······················································································26

Ⅲ. 충북 친환경농업 실태 ·······························································································35

1. 충북 친환경농업 현황 ···········································································································37

2. 충북 친환경 농업인 조사 결과 ····························································································67

Ⅳ. 충북 친환경농업 첨단과학기술 도입 방안 ·······························································71

1. 스마트농업 기술 도입방안 ····································································································73

2. 그린바이오 도입방안 ·············································································································81

3. 제도적 지원방안 ····················································································································93

Ⅴ. 결론 ····························································································································95

1. 연구결과 요약 ·······················································································································97

2. 연구의 한계점 및 향후 과제 ································································································99

참고문헌 ·························································································································101

ABSTRACT ···················································································································103

■ 저출산·고령화를 근본적 원인으로 하는 취약한 인구구조로의 전환, 특히 생산연령인구의 감소는 수요-공급 측면에서 악순환 구조를 형성하여 경제활력을 저하시키는 문제를 야기할 수 있음
■ 충북이 지속가능한 성장을 도모하기 위해서는 인구구조 변화가 반영된 지역경제의 성장패턴에 기반하여 차별화된 대응전략을 수립함으로써 경제정책의 효율성을 제고하는 것이 필수적이라 할 수 있음
■ 이에 인구구조적 측면에서 지역경제의 성장요인을 파악하고 생산연령인구와 경제성장 간의 관계에 기반한 지역경제 성장패턴을 분석함으로써 생산연령인구 감소로 인한 부정적 영향을 완화할 수 있는 경제정책 방향 설정에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 본 연구를 수행하였음
■ 2024년 기준, 충북의 주민등록 연앙인구는 1,587,715명으로 2015년에 비해 16,593명 증가하였으며, 최근 10년 간 0.12%의 연평균 증가율을 기록하였음
■ 인구구조는 유소년인구 10.9%, 생산연령인구 67.7%, 고령인구 21.4%로 구성되어 있으며, 이미 초고령사회에 진입한 상태임
◯ 유소년인구는 172,678명으로 2015년에 비해 -49,952명 감소하였고, 최근 10년 간 -2.8%의 연평균 증감률을 기록하였음
◯ 생산연령인구는 1,074,846명으로 2015년에 비해 -43,683명 감소하였고, 최근 10년 간 -0.4%의 연평균 증감률을 기록하였음
◯ 고령인구는 340,191명으로 2015년에 비해 110,228명 증가하였고, 최근 10년 간 4.4%의 연평균 증감률을 기록하였음
◯ 진천군(18.9%), 청주시(16.3%)만이 고령사회 상태이며, 괴산군(40.6%), 보은군(40.2%), 영동군(37.4%), 단양군(37.4%), 옥천군(34.9%), 제천시(26.7%), 음성군(25.7%), 충주시(23.8%), 증평군(21.1%) 등은 이미 초고령사회에 진입하였음
■ 2022년 기준, 충북의 실질 GRDP(2020년 기준년가격, 잠정치)는 83.6조원으로, 전년대비 4.2%, 최근 5년 간 연평균 2.9%의 경제성장률을 기록하였음
■ 산업구조는 농림어업 2.5%, 광업 0.2%, 제조업 48.8%, 전기가스업 -1.3%, 건설업 6.3%, 서비스업 43.5%로 구성된 제조업 기반형 구조임
◯ 시군별로 살펴보면, 청주시가 42.5조원(50.8%)로 가장 많고, 다음으로 음성군 10.0조원(11.9%), 충주시 8.9조원(10.6%), 진천군 8.8조원(10.6%), 제천시 3.9조원(4.6%), 증평군 1.9조원(2.2%), 옥천군 1.8조원(2.1%), 괴산군 1.7조원(2.0%), 보은군 1.5조원(1.8%), 영동군 1.4조원(1.6%), 단양군 1.3조원(1.6%) 등의 순임
◯ 권역별 GRDP 점유율은 청주권 50.8%, 중부권 26.8%, 북부권 16.9%, 남부권 5.5% 등의 순으로 도내 지역 불균형이 심각한 상황임
■ 변이할당분석(shift-share) 방법론을 활용하여 지역경제성장의 인구구조 요인을 분해함으로써 지역의 경제성장에 있어 생산연령인구 변화의 역할을 고찰하였음
◯ 1인당 소득을 노동생산성, 고용률, 인구구조 항목으로 구분하고, 성장회계식에 따라 분해하여 각 부문의 성장기여 수준을 살펴본 결과, 충청북도는 2015~2022년 간 1인당 GRDP가 29.7% 증가하는데 있어, 노동생산성(+21.4%p, ▲72.0%)과 고용률(+11.6%p, ▲39.1%)은 긍정적으로 기여한 반면, 인구구조(-3.3%p, ▼11.2%)는 부정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났음
- 노동생산성이 지역 경제성장의 핵심 요인이고, 생산연령인구를 기반으로 하는 고용률 역시 1인당 GRDP 증가에 있어 중요한 요인이며, 인구구조(생산연령인구 비중)는 노동생산성과의 다중공선성으로 인해 그 영향이 과소평가되고 있기는 하나 지역경제 성장에 긍정적으로 작용하는 요인이라 할 수 있음
■ 클라센의 지역순환가설을 토대로 지역내총생산(소득개념)과 생산연령인구(인구개념)에 대한 전국대비 비중의 성장률에 대한 상대비율을 사용한 허문구(2014)의 연구를 준용하여 각 시군이 어떠한 지역성장패턴을 경험해 왔으며, 현재는 어떠한 지역성장 수준을 나타내는지에 대해 분석을 실시하였음
◯ 지역경제 성장단계 분석 결과, 청주, 증평은 성장A지역, 진천은 성장B지역, 충주, 단양은 쇠퇴D지역, 제천, 옥천, 영동, 괴산, 음성은 쇠퇴 E지역, 보은은 잠재적 성장지역에 분포하고 있으며, 정체상태인 지역은 없는 것으로 나타났음
◯ 성장패턴도 시군별로 확연하게 차이나고 있으며, 특히 남부권 지역들의 경우 생산연령인구 및 소득 변동이 미미하게 나타나 지역경제에 역동성이 낮은 실정임
[그림 Ⅴ-] 지역경제 성장패턴 유형 (※보고서 참고)
■ 상기 분석결과에 기반할 때, 충북이 지속가능한 성장을 도모하기 위해서는 고령화 가속화에 대응한 고령인구 활용 및 성장동력화, 생산연령인구의 유입 및 정착 유도, 생산연령인구 감소에 대응한 대체인력의 노동시장 참여 확대 방안 모색, 노동생산성 향상, 부존자원, 혁신역량, 인프라 등의 차이에 따른 산업구조적 특성을 감안한 차별화된 성장전략 모색, 새로운 성장동력 확충을 통한 균형발전 도모, 성장단계별 맞춤형 전략 수립 등이 요구됨
■ 요컨대, 다양한 공공·민간 데이터를 통합적으로 수집·분석하여 정책의 수립-집행-평가 전 과정에 활용함으로써, 정책의 객관성·효율성·성과를 극대화하는 “데이터 기반 정책(Data-driven Policy)” 체계를 확립하고, 이를 통해 인구 및 경제 상황 변화에 대한 모니터링과 피드백 체계를 강화해야 할 것임

Ⅰ. 서론 ······························································································································1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ···················································································································3

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ···················································································································6

II. 시군별 인구 현황 ··········································································································9

1. 주민등록 연앙인구 ·················································································································11

2. 연령별 인구 ··························································································································13

3. 인구구조 ·······························································································································18

Ⅲ. 시군별 경제 현황 ·······································································································23

1. GRDP(지역내총생산) ·············································································································25

2. 산업구조 ·································································································································27

3. 경제활동별 부가가치 ··············································································································29

Ⅳ. 생산연령인구 변화와 지역경제성장 간 관계 분석 ···················································33

1. 분석의 개요 ····························································································································35

2. 지역경제 성장의 인구측면 요인별 기여 ···············································································36

Ⅴ. 시군별 지역경제 성장패턴 ·······················································································45

1. 분석의 개요 ····························································································································47

2. 시군별 지역경제 성장단계 ·····································································································50

3. 시군별 지역경제 성장패턴 ·····································································································52

Ⅵ. 결론 및 정책적 시사점 ······························································································61

1. 결론 ········································································································································63

2. 정책적 시사점 ························································································································71

참고문헌 ····························································································································81

ABSTRACT ······················································································································83

1963년 도입된 지정 관광지 제도는 국민 여가 증진과 관광산업 발전을 목적으로 시행되고 있으나, 다수의 관광지가 조성이 미완료되었거나 조성 이후 활성화 미흡으로 인하여 제도의 효과성 논란이 제기되어 왔다. 충북 지역 역시 우수한 자연․문화자원을 기반으로 22개소의 관광지를 지정․운영 중이나 개발 전략의 부재, 열악한 재정여건, 빠르게 변화하는 관광 수요 미반영 등으로 인해 매력도가 점차 저하되고 있다.
이에 본 연구는 충북 지정 관광지가 직면한 문제점을 분석하고 관광지 활성화를 위한 실질적 정책 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 충북 내 22개 지정 관광지를 대상으로 문헌조사, 서면 및 현장조사 그리고 관계자 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 충북 지정 관광지는 연간 270만명 이상의 관광객을 유치하며 지역사회와 경제 전반에 파급효과를 창출하고 있으나, 투자 효율성 저하, 관광콘텐츠 부족, 성과관리 체계 부재 등 구조적 한계가 드러났다. 특히, 지정 관광지의 상당수가 연․사회자원형 관광지로 시설 및 콘텐츠 노후로 인해 관광 경쟁력이 약화되고 있으며, 낮은 토지확보율 및 취약한 투자여건은 사업 지연의 주요 원인으로 작용하였다. 또한 순환보직제로 인한 담당공무원의 전문성 부족은 사업의 연속성과 행정의 전문성 확보를 저해하는 요인으로 확인되었다.
이러한 진단을 바탕으로 본 연구는 네 가지 정책 방향을 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 법․제도 개선 측면에서 관광지 지정 요건을 강화하고 다차원적 성과관리체계를 도입하는 한편, 지역 여건과 부합하지 않는 법률 기준의 현실화를 추진해야 한다. 둘째, 관광지 콘텐츠 다변화를 위해 융복합 관광지 조성, 친환경 스마트 관광지로의 전환, 지역 관광자원 간 연계성 강화를 통해 체류형 고부가가치 관광지로 전환할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 투자 재정 구조 혁신을 위해 신규 관광지 조성사업보다 노후 관광지의 재생사업을 추진하고, 성과기반 차등 보조금 지원, 민간투자 유치 활성화를 위한 인센티브 확대를 제안한다. 마지막으로 행정 및 거버넌스 개선 차원에서는 ‘관광지 개발 정책지원센터’ 설립, 전문관 제도 확대 및 전문임기제 채용을 통한 전담인력 확충, 공공-민간 협력 거버넌스 구축을 제안 한다.

I. 서론 ·······························································································································1

1. 배경과 필요성 ························································································································3

2. 목적과 기대효과 ·····················································································································4

3. 범위와 방법 ····························································································································4

II. 관광지 개발 여건 ·········································································································7

1. 국제관광 여건 ························································································································9

2. 국내관광 여건 ······················································································································11

3. 관광개발 정책 여건 ·············································································································12

Ⅲ. 지정 관광지 제도 ·····································································································21

1. 지정 관광지 제도 이해 ········································································································23

2. 선행연구 ·······························································································································29

3. 정책적 논의와 시사점 ··········································································································31

Ⅳ. 충북 관광지 조성 실태 분석 ···················································································35

1. 실태조사 ·····························································································································37

2. 실태조사 결과 분석 ·············································································································40

3. 주요 시사점 ··························································································································46

4. 관광지 활성화를 위한 관계자 의견조사 ·············································································48

Ⅴ. 결론 및 정책제언 ·····································································································53

1. 결론 ······································································································································55

2. 정책제언 ·······························································································································56

참고문헌 ··························································································································59

Appendix ·······················································································································61

부록-관광지 조사표 ··················································································································63

ABSTRACT ······························································································································86

농촌은 농업이 행해지는 공간으로 농업이 주요산업이었던 과거부터 주민 거주하는 삶터이자 일터였고, 쉬면서 재충전을 할 수 있는 쉼터의 역할을 수행해 왔다. 하지만, 근래에 들어 우리나라의 급속한 산업성장으로 더 이상 농업이 국가의 중요산업이 되지 못한 상황에서 주민이 거주하는 농촌은 쇠퇴의 길에 접어들 수밖에 없었다. 또한, 농촌은 인구의 수도권 과밀화를 위한 인구공급지의 역할을 수행하였기 때문에 쇠퇴는 가속화되어 지방소멸이 우선적으로 이룩할 수 있는 공간이 되었다.
하지만, 우리나라의 일부 시·도를 제외하면 가장 먼저 소멸될 지역인 농촌마을에 대한 정확한 현황을 파악하지 못하고 있는 상황으로 이러한 이유로 현실적인 대응이 일어나고 있지 못한다. 이에 본 연구는 충북 농촌의 소멸의 현황을 진단하고 발전적 대안을 제시하고자 시행하였다.
연구결과, 충북 내에서도 농촌적 성격이 강한 지역일수록 인구상황은 악화되어 있다. 농업이 주요산업이며, 생활서비스 시설이 밀집되지 못하고 편하게 누리지 못하는 지역일수록 인구의 상황이 좋지 않다는 것이다. 다음으로 충북 농촌은 현재 지속가능성을 담보할 수 없는 상황이다. 지속가능성을 진단할 수 있는 인구계층인 유아인구와 학령인구, 청년인구 모두 농촌마을에 거주하는 비율이 상당히 적은 수준인 것이다. 마지막으로 농촌마을은 과소화와 고령화가 동시에 진행되고 있는데, 그 중에서도 고령화가 심각한 수준이다. 물론 노인의 판단기준이 현실화 되어 있지 못하다는 문제점도 있다고 판단되나, 과소마을에 비해 고령마을의 숫자가 비교할 수 없다는 점은 농촌마을 주민의 고령화가 심각하다는 것을 의미한다.
이상의 분석결과 현재 중앙정부에서 시행하는 농촌정책을 고려하여 충북의 농촌 인구정책의 방향을 우선 설정하였다. 방향은 농촌마을의 변화를 파악할 수 있는 데이터 구축과 마을의 재생 및 재구조화 대응을 위한 역할을 수행할 수 있는 주체를 육성하자는 것, 농촌마을 소멸에 대해 다양하고 적절한 방향을 설정하는 것, 설정된 방향에 따른 구체적이고 실천적인 사업을 도출하자는 것이다. 이러한 대응방향을 기준으로 4가지의 전략과 12개의 과제방향을 제시하였다. 첫 번째인 변화파악과 데이터 구축에서는 농촌마을의 인구변화를 모니터링하고 마을과 관련된 빅데이터를 구축되어야 한다. 이와 함께 마을에 대한 생각과 방향에 대해 주민 인식조사를 정기적으로 시행하여야 한다. 두 번째, 주체육성에서는 지자체 별로 농촌소멸에 대응할 수 있는 TF를 구성하여야 한다. 소멸은 농촌마을부터 오는 것으로 이를 어떻게 대응할지 신속하게 판단하고 사업과 연계 시켜야 한다. 이를 위하여 농촌소멸에 대응할 수 있는 적극적인 주체를 육성하여야 하고 이들의 활동을 행재정적인 지원이 이루어져야 한다. 대응을 농촌마을에서 진행하는 것이 가장 바람직하나, 분석에서도 보았듯이 농촌마을은 현재 지속가능성 자체를 담보할 수 없는 상황으로 새로운 주체의 역할이 필요하다. 세 번째는 소멸정책의 방향을 설정하여야 한다. 소멸이 과연 방지될 수 있는 상황인지를 진단하고 만약 그렇지 못할 경우 소멸된 지역을 어떻게 육성할지 고민되어야 한다. 마지막은 설정된 방향에 따라 전략과 사업이 도출되어야 한다. 이때, 전략과 사업은 기존에 시행하는 마을만들기사업을 비롯한 사업구조에서 탈피하여 주민이 자율적으로 시행할 수 있는 사업구조가 마련되어야 한다.
본 연구는 충북의 농촌마을의 인구현황에 대해 시행한 최초의 연구라는 의의를 가지고 있다. 하지만, 전체 농촌마을에 대한 데이터를 구득하지 못한 점과 다양한 분석이 이루어지지 않았다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 하지만, 농촌마을(행정리)에 대한 경계 데이터가 존재하지 않는 이상 그 어떤 공간분석도 가능할 수 없다. 도시에서 수행하듯이 격자단위로 연구를 시행할 수도 있지만, 행정적 인식이 명확하고 도시와 같이 조밀한 인구분포를 보이지 않는 농촌의 상황을 고려하면 행정리 단위의 공간분석이 이루어지는 것이 가장 바람직하다.
이에 본 연구를 시작점으로 향후 농촌마을의 지속과 소멸된 마을에 대한 공간의 재활용 및 재구조화를 위해 행정리 단위의 경계지도의 구축이 절실히 요구되고 있으며, 이를 바탕으로 농촌소멸을 넘어 국토 공간의 활용성 제고를 위한 새로운 연구가 시행되어야 한다.

Ⅰ. 서 론 ····························································································································1

1. 연구배경과 목적 ·······················································································································3

2. 연구내용 및 방법 ···················································································································7

3. 연구 추진체계 ····················································································································10

Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 ················································································································11

1. 선행연구 ·······························································································································13

2. 정부의 농촌정책 방향 ··········································································································21

3. 용어의 정의 ··························································································································24

Ⅲ. 분석대상 및 방법 ·····································································································27

1. 분석대상 ·································································································································29

2. 분석방법 ·······························································································································33

Ⅳ. 충북 농촌마을 인구현황 ··························································································35

1. 충북 농촌 인구개괄 ·············································································································37

2. 충북 농촌마을 인구현황 ······································································································44

3. 분석 종합 ·····························································································································60

Ⅴ. 충북 농촌마을 대응전략 ························································································63

1. 충북 농촌마을 재생 및 재구조화를 위한 대응방향 ···························································65

2. 충북 농촌마을 재생 및 재구조화를 위한 대응전략 ···························································68

Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언 ········································································································73

1. 결론 ····································································································································75

2. 제언 ··································································································································77

참고문헌 ····························································································································79

ABSTRACT ······················································································································82

◯ 저출산·고령화로 인구구조가 급격히 재편되면서, 식료품에 대한 소비 패턴이 변하였고, 이에 따라 전통적인 오프라인 식료품점의 수가 감소하고 있음
◯ 식료품점은 지역 주민의 식생활을 지탱하는 핵심 인프라이자 고령층·디지털 취약계층의 생활 필수 기반이기 때문에 존속될 필요가 있으며, 소상공인 경제 활성화를 위해서도 지역 내에서 유지될 필요가 있음
◯ 이에 본 연구는 공공데이터를 활용해 충북 내 식료품점의 현황과 인구구조와의 상관관계를 분석하고, 인구구조 변화에 대응한 식료품점 활성화 방안을 제안하고자 함
◯ 주요 현황
- 충북의 65세 이상 고령 인구는 2025년 21.9%로 전국 평균을 상회하며, 2인 이하 가구 비중은 전체 가구의 약 66%를 차지하고 있음
- 대부분 식료품점은 연매출 5천만 원 미만의 영세 자영업체로 구성되어 있으며, 사업체 수와 영업이익 모두 감소추세를 보이고 있음
◯ 분석 결과
- 유소년 인구 비율이 높을수록 가족 단위 소비 수요가 증가하여 전문식료품점, 슈퍼마켓, 편의점 수 모두 많은 것으로 나타남
- 생산 가능 인구가 많을수록 전문식료품점과 슈퍼마켓 수는 적고 편의점 수는 많은 경향을 보였으며, 고령 인구 비율이 높은 지역일수록 전문식료품점과 슈퍼마켓 수는 많고 편의점 수는 적은 것으로 나타남
- 2인 이하 가구 비율과 시도 간 순이동 비율은 소규모·근거리 장보기 수요와 유동 인구 증가로 인해 모든 식료품점 유형에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타남
- 반면, 소득의 영향은 뚜렷하지 않았으며, 아파트 거주 비율이 높을수록 대체 유통채널의 이용 증가와 전통시장 감소로 인해 전문식료품점과 슈퍼마켓 수는 줄어드는 경향을 보임
◯ 정책제언
- 충북은 도시와 농촌이 공존하는 구조로, 지역별 인구·소득·생활환경을 고려한 맞춤형 유통 정책 설계가 필요함
∙ 청주·충주·진천 등은 젊은 층과 고소득층 비중이 높아, 공공배달앱 입점, 모바일 주문, 프리미엄 상품 기획 등 디지털 기반 유통전략 강화가 요구됨
∙ 읍·면 지역은 식료품점이 부족하므로, 수요응답형 교통서비스 이용을 위한 제도 개선을 통해 교통 취약계층에 대한 지원을 확대할 필요가 있음
∙ 보은·옥천·괴산 등 고령화 지역은 건강식품 중심의 상품 구성, 소포장 식품 확대, 소매점 운영 지원 등이 요구됨
- 지역별 소비패턴과 유통 특성을 반영한 데이터 기반 정책 추진과 스마트 기술 도입 확대가 필요함
- 전통시장과 소상공인의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 지원도 필수적임
∙ 전통시장은 셔틀버스, 매대 개선, 온라인 판매 채널 확보 등으로 접근성과 수요층 다변화가 필요하며, 소상공인 대상 디지털 마케팅, 배달 운영, 고객 관리 등 실무 중심 교육과 맞춤형 경영 컨설팅도 확충할 필요가 있음
- 식품 접근성 확대를 위해 이동장터 정기 운영 및 마을 공동구매 모델을 제안함
∙ 농림부의 ‘가가호호 농촌 이동장터’ 사업이 확장될 수 있도록 시·군 또는 도 차원에서 행정·재정 지원과 참여 독려가 필요함
∙ 마을 공동구매 모델을 고령층을 위한 주문 서비스와 결합할 수 있도록 「농촌 공동체 서비스 활성화법」을 적극 활용할 필요가 있음
- 편의점을 신선식품 유통 거점으로 활용할 수 있도록 인구감소 지역의 신선식품 특화 편의점에 대해 초기 투자비, 설비 개선 등을 지원할 필요가 있음

Ⅰ. 서 론 ················································································································1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ··············································································································3

2. 연구범위 및 방법 ················································································································7

Ⅱ. 식료품점의 개념 및 분류 ················································································9

1. 식료품점의 정의 ···············································································································11

2. 업종분류 ··························································································································12

Ⅲ. 인구구조 변화와 영향 ····················································································23

1. 전국의 인구구조 변화 ······································································································25

2. 충북의 인구구조 변화 ······································································································30

3. 인구구조 변화가 식료품점에 미치는 영향 ······································································34

Ⅳ. 국내외 식료품점 현황 및 정책 사례 ····························································37

1. 해외 식료품점 현황 ··········································································································39

2. 국내 식료품점 동향 ··········································································································45

3. 관련 정부 정책 및 제도 비교 ·························································································62

Ⅴ. 충북 식료품점 현황 및 인구구조에 따른 수요 분석 ···································67

1. 충북 경제 및 산업 구조 개요 ·························································································69

2. 충북 식료품점 현황 ········································································································73

3. 충북 인구구조 변화가 식료품점 수요에 미친 영향 ························································92

Ⅵ. 정책제언 ·······································································································105

참고문헌 ··············································································································113

Abstract ·············································································································115

■ 연구목적
◯ 본 연구는 충북 서비스산업 발전 및 산업구조의 균형성장 달성을 위한 서비스 R&D 활성화의 중요성을 강조
◯ 이를 통해 지역 제조업을 고도화 할 수 있는 고부가가치 서비스업 육성과 지역 생활밀착형 서비스업의 역량 강화(디지털 전환, 새로운 비즈니스 창출 등)를 추진하기 위한 기초조사 및 정책적 시사점을 제공하고자 하는 목적
■ 서비스 R&D 정의 및 국내외 정책 동향
◯ 서비스 R&D의 산업적 정의는 단순히 기존 서비스의 개선이나 효율화에 그치지 않고, 신산업 창출과 고도화 및 새로운 성장동력을 지역 및 국가 차원에서 적극적으로 발굴·육성하는 것에 중점
◯ 한국표준산업분류코드(KSIC) 등 공식 분류체계를 통해 서비스 R&D 기반의 서비스산업 분류를 체계화하는데 목적이 있으며, 이를 통해 정책대상·지원범위 설정, 산업통계 관리 효율화 및 지역 간 비교분석 가능
◯ 본 연구에서는 ‘ICT·AI·콘텐츠 서비스’, ‘연구개발·지원 서비스’, ‘비즈니스 혁신지원 서비스’, ‘물류·유통 서비스’, ‘사회 인프라 서비스’ 및 ‘생활·문화·관광 서비스’ 등 서비스산업을 6대 업종으로 분류
◯ 미국, EU, 독일, 일본, 중국 등 주요국은 서비스 R&D를 경제 혁신의 핵심으로 인식하고 디지털 전환 기반 실증, 공공-민간 협력 생태계 조성을 추진
◯ 국내 서비스 R&D의 정책 동향은 2007년 이후 지식서비스, 제조-서비스 융합, 생활·문화·복지 등 다양한 분야로 지원 영역이 빠르게 확장되고 있으며, 2020년대 들어서는 디지털 전환, 비대면, 데이터 기반 서비스 혁신 및 현장실증, 생산성 향상 등 국민 체감형 서비스에 초점
■ 충북 지역경제·산업 및 서비스산업 여건 분석
◯ 충북은 전국 대비 제조업 비중이 크고 서비스업 비중이 낮으므로 경제 및 산업구조의 다양성과 균형성이 부족하며 글로벌 공급망 변화 및 내수 경기 둔화 등에 취약한 구조
◯ 특히, 높은 생산소득에 비해 분배소득과 민간소비 수준이 현저히 낮으므로 지역 내 소득의 역외유출 현상이 심화되고 있는 상황
◯ 충북 서비스산업의 사업체수 및 종사자수의 전국비중은 각각 3.0% 및 2.7% 수준으로 다소 낮은 수준
◯ 서비스산업의 6대 업종별 분포 현황으로는 사업체수 및 종사자수 모두에서 ‘물류·유통 서비스’ 가장 높은 비중을 차지하고 있으며 전국 평균과 유사한 수준이나, 서비스 R&D를 수행하는 공급기업이 분포하고 있는 ‘ICT·AI·콘텐츠 서비스’ 및 ‘연구개발·지원 서비스’는 상대적으로 낮은 수준
◯ 충북 서비스산업은 6대 업종별로 다소 차이가 있으나, 일반적으로 부가가치가 점차 낮아지고 경쟁력이 부족해지는 상황이며, 산업특화도 및 집적도의 경우도 상대적으로 낮은 수준으로 주로 “저특화-저집적군”에 해당
- 충북 서비스산업의 산업특화도 및 집적도는 6대 업종별로 다소 차이가 있으나, 여전히 모든 업종에서 “저특화-저집적군”에 속함.
■ 충북 서비스기업 혁신조사 및 지역사례 분석
◯ 혁신전략이 기업 혁신성과에 미치는 영향은 ‘수도권’이 가장 높고, ‘비수도권’은 ‘충청권’보다 낮으며, 이는 수도권이 혁신전략의 중요성을 가장 높이 인식하며, ‘충청권’은 지리적으로 수도권과 인접한 특성에 기인
◯ 혁신개발 주체의 경우, 전국적으로 80.5%가 자체개발을 통해 혁신을 추진하고 있으며 다른 권역에서도 동일한 현상으로 보이나, ‘충청권’은 “공동개발·라이선스구입 또는 외주위탁” 등 외부 의존 경향이 전국 평균보다 높은 수준
◯ R&D 수행 주체와 협력은 권역별로 90% 이상이 내부 R&D를 수행하는 것으로 나타났으며, 혁신 협력 파트너십은 전체적으로 자사 및 계열사 중심이나, 수도권은 대학, 연구소 및 정부부처 등 외부와의 협력이 상대적으로 활발 수준
◯ 혁신 저해하는 요인으로는, 불확실성 및 과도한 경쟁 등 시장요인(35.3%)이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으나, 자금문제 및 기업역량 부족도 유사한 수준
◯ 정부의 혁신지원정책은 금전적 지원(조세지원, 자금지원, 금융지원 등)과 비금전적 지원(인력, 기술, 인증지원 등)으로 구분되며, 서비스기업의 응답률은 금전적 지원에 다소 높은 것으로 나타났으며, ‘수도권’은 상대적으로 비금전적 지원의 활용도가 ‘비수도권’에 비해 높은 수준
◯ 디지털 전환(DX) 기술의 실제 기업 도입 비율은 전국 평균이 18.3%로 낮은 수준이며, ‘수도권’이 비수도권보다 상대적으로 높은 수준
- DX와 관련하여 서비스기업이 요구하는 정부지원 정책은 “DX 관련 정보 제공”이 30.8%로 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며 “전문인력 지원”은 26.9%로 그 다음 순
◯ 혁신모형 분석 결과에 따르면, 전국 및 권역별로 “혁신전략과 혁신활동 간의 조절효과”, “타 기관 혁신협력”은 서비스기업 혁신성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 반면에 정부의 금전적 지원은 권역별로 모두 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 분석
- 통계적으로 유의성도 ‘수도권’은 제외한 대부분 지역은 낮은 것으로 분석되었으며, 이는 디지털 전환 기술 도입은 혁신성과에 긍정적 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 실제 혁신성과로 연결되기에는 여전히 한계가 존재하는 것으로 해석
◯ 충북 서비스 R&D 정책 및 지역사례는 ICT·AI·메타버스 등 신기술 융합서비스 실증, 산학연 협업 및 오픈이노베이션, 전주기적 지원체계 강화, 디지털 전환(DX) 및 인력양성 확대, 및 포용적·다양성 기반의 혁신생태계 조성에 역점
■ 정책제언
◯ 종합적인 정책제언으로는 R&D 활동 및 혁신성과 창출 거버넌스 협력체계 구축, 지역 R&D 활성화를 위한 전문 운영기관 기능 확대 및 R&D 예산 확보, 인재양성 및 R&D 역량 강화 등 제시
◯ 또한 서비스산업 6대 업종 부문별로 육성방안 및 정책적 시사점 제시

I. 연구 개요 ············································································································1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ··············································································································3

  1) 연구 배경 ·························································································································3

  2) 연구 목적 ·························································································································5

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ··············································································································6

  1) 연구 범위 ·························································································································6

  2) 연구 방법 ·························································································································7

II. 서비스 R&D 정의 및 국내외 정책 동향 ·························································9

1. 서비스 R&D 정의 ············································································································11

  1) 개념적 정의 ····················································································································11

  2) 산업적 정의 및 분류 ·····································································································12

2. 서비스 R&D 국내외 정책 동향 ·······················································································19

  1) 글로벌 서비스 R&D 정책 동향 ····················································································19

  2) 국내 서비스 R&D 정책 동향 ·······················································································23

3. 주요 시사점 ······················································································································28

Ⅲ. 충북 지역경제·산업 현황 및 서비스산업 여건 분석 ····································31

1. 충북 지역경제 및 산업구조 현황 ····················································································33

  1) 충북 지역경제 현황 ·······································································································33

  2) 충북 산업구조 현황 ·······································································································37

2. 충북 서비스산업 현황 및 여건 분석 ···············································································39

  1) 충북 서비스산업 부문별 현황 ·······················································································39

  2) 충북 서비스산업 여건 분석 ···························································································53

3. 주요 시사점 ······················································································································61

Ⅳ. 충북 서비스기업 혁신조사 및 서비스 R&D 지역사례 분석 ·······················63

1. 충북 서비스기업 혁신조사 ·······························································································65

  1) 서비스기업 혁신조사 개요 ·····························································································65

  2) 서비스기업 혁신조사 결과 ·····························································································71

2. 충북 서비스 R&D 지역사례 분석 ···················································································81

3. 주요 시사점 ······················································································································84

Ⅴ. 정책제언 및 향후과제 ····················································································87

1. 정책제언 ····························································································································89

  1) 종합 ································································································································89

  2) 부문 ································································································································90

2. 향후과제 ····························································································································94

참고문헌 ················································································································95

Abstract ···············································································································96

Table of Contents ····························································································98

충청북도는 전국 평균보다 높은 산림율(65.93%)을 기록하고 있으며, 백두대간이 통과하는 지리적 특성으로 인해 생태적·경제적 잠재력이 매우 높은 지역이다. 그러나 이러한 자원적 우위와는 달리 충북 산촌은 고령화, 인구감소, 부재산주 증가, 정주 여건 악화 등 복합적인 구조적 위기에 처해 있다. 특히 산촌 지역의 연평균 인구 감소율은 –1.76%로 충청북도 전체 평균보다 가파른 하락세를 보이며, 산림을 실질적으로 관리할 수 있는 주민 기반 역시 급격히 약화되고 있다. 사유림의 비율이 전체 산림의 60% 이상을 차지함에도 불구하고, 해당 지역에 실제로 거주하는 산주는 절반에 못 미치는 상황이다. 또한 충북 전체 63개 산림복지시설 중 산촌에 위치한 시설은 절반에 불과하며, 시설 간 연계성이나 지역 주민과의 접근성도 떨어지는 실정이다.
이러한 문제해결을 위해 본 연구는 충북 산림 및 산촌의 현황을 다각도로 분석하고, 국내외 우수 사례를 비교함으로써 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다. 괴산군 산촌활성화 지원센터는 중간지원조직의 역할을 성공적으로 수행하며 귀산촌 유입과 마을경제 회복에 기여하였고, 일본의 카미야마초와 니시아와쿠라손 사례는 외부 인구와의 연결, 지역 자원과 문화의 융합, 그리고 민간협력 기반의 산촌 재생이라는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 이를 바탕으로 지속가능한 충북 산촌을 위한 대응 전략으로는 산림복지 기반 거점 조성, 임산물과 관광을 결합한 6차 산업화, 귀산촌 인구의 유입 및 정착 지원, 유휴공간의 자산화, 주민주도형 공동체 경영 등이 제안된다.
궁극적으로 산촌 활성화는 시설 확충에 그치는 것이 아니라, 산림자원을 중심으로 삶의 공간을 재구성하고 공동체 회복과 경제적 자립을 함께 도모하는 구조 전환이 필요하다. 충청북도는 산림복지와 지역경제, 정주 인프라를 통합하는 모델을 통해 ‘살고 싶은 산촌, 지속가능한 산촌’이라는 비전을 실현할 수 있는 중요한 전환기에 서 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 통합적 정책설계의 방향을 제시함으로써 충북 산촌 대응 전략 수립의 기초자료로 기능할 수 있을 것이다.

Ⅰ. 서론 - 1

1. 연구 배경 및 필요성

2. 연구의 목적 및 의의

3. 연구의 범위 및 방법

4. 선행연구 고찰

Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 및 정책 동향 - 17

1. 산림복지와 산촌의 개념

2. 관련 정책 검토

3. 산촌 지원 정책

Ⅲ. 충북 산림 이용 및 산촌 현황 - 39

1. 분석 개요

2. 충북 산림 이용 현황

3. 충북 산촌 현황

4. 산촌생태마을 실태조사 결과

5. 귀산촌 실태조사 결과

6. 소결

Ⅳ. 우수 사례 검토 - 97

1. 충청북도 행복마을 사업

2. 괴산군 산촌활성화종합지원센터

3. 카미야마초(神山町)

4. 니시아와쿠라손(西粟倉​村)

5. 종합 시사점

Ⅴ. 지속가능한 충북 산촌 대응 과제 - 125

1. 과제 도출 방향

2. 산촌의 경제적 특성에 따른 유형 구분

3. 현실적인 충북 산촌의 미래 과제

Ⅵ. 결론 및 정책제언 - 139

1. 결론

2. 정책제언

참고문헌 - 145

ABSTRACT - 148

Table of Contents - 150

◯ 지역경제 활성화를 위한 주된 지방자치단체의 재정지출 정책은 지역총생산을 높이고, 지역의 소비를 제고할 수 있는 방향으로 설정되고 있으며, 이를 통해 지역의 경제력을 제고시켜 지역간 경제력 격차 해소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고자 하고 있음
◯ 이와 관련하여 재정학과 정치경제학 분야에서 재정지출과 경제성장 간의 관계는 두 가지 이론적 접근방식을 바탕으로 오랜 기간 연구되어 왔음
- 재정지출이 경제성장에 중요한 영향을 미치기 때문에 경제성장을 위한 정책수단으로 재정지출을 증가시켜야 한다는 접근방식과 경제성장에 따라 국가의 소득이 증가하면 조세 수입이 증가하게 되고, 이를 통해 재정지출이 늘어나는 관계로 보는 접근방식임
◯ 본 연구는 이상의 논의 중 경제성장에 따라 국가 소득의 증가가 조세 수입을 견인한다는 와그너 법칙에 근거하여 경제성장 관련 외생변수 중 어떠한 요인이 재정지출에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고, 충청북도의 향후 지역경제 변동에 따라 지방세입이 어떻게 변동하는지를 예측하고자 하였음
◯ 지역경기, 생산, 투자, 수출액, 물가, 금융, 정부재투자 등 7개의 독립변수가 지방세 수입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보기 위해 8개 도의 횡단면적 자료를 2011년부터 2022년까지 12개년간 시계열 자료로 패널자료를 구축하여 고정효과모형, 확률효과모형 등의 모형검정을 실시하였음
◯ 지방세입 관련 지방세(취득세, 등록면허세, 지방소비세, 지역자원시설세)는 지역경제 요인에 영향을 받는 것으로 분석되었으며, 의존수입인 지방교부세는 제조업생산에 부정적인 영향을 받는 것으로 분석됨
◯ 지방세입의 제고를 위해서 지역경제의 활성화는 선행되어야 할 중요한 과제임을 본 분석결과를 통해 알 수 있었으며, 이를 위한 지방자치단체의 적절한 정책수단의 개발과 활용이 필요하다고 하겠음
- 단, 지방교부세는 지방자치단체가 자체사업을 추진하기 위한 유용한 세원이지만, 지방자치단체가 규모의 경제를 실현하는 과정에서 지방교부세 교부액이 낮아질 수밖에 없는 구조임을 인식할 필요가 있음

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ················································································································· 3

2. 연구내용 및 방법 ··················································································································· 6

Ⅱ. 이론적 논의 ················································································································ 9

1. 지역경제와 지방세입의 관계 ······························································································· 11

2. 정부간 재정관계 ··················································································································· 16

3. 선행연구 검토 ······················································································································ 20

Ⅲ. 연구설계 ··················································································································· 23

1. 연구모형 ······························································································································· 25

2. 변수의 선정 ·························································································································· 26

3. 분석방법 ······························································································································· 27

Ⅳ. 분석결과 ··················································································································· 29

1. 지방세입 현황 분석 ············································································································· 31

2. 지역경제 현황 분석 ············································································································· 41

3. 연구모형 검정 ······················································································································ 48

4. 정책적 시사점 ······················································································································ 56

Ⅴ. 결론 ·························································································································· 59

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 63

Appendix ······················································································································· 65

1. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 67

UAM 산업은 2025년부터 초기 상용화가 본격화될 것으로 예상되며, 2030년 이후 본격적으로 시장이 성장할 것으로 전망된다. 미국과 유럽을 중심으로 주요국들은 UAM 상용화를 위한 정책과 인프라를 적극적으로 구축하는 동시에 미국의 FAA(연방항공청)와 NASA, 유럽의 EASA(유럽항공안전청)는 관련 법규와 인증 체계를 정비하며 기술 실증을 진행 중에 있다. 국내에서는 국토교통부가 주도하는 K-UAM 로드맵을 통해 2025년 상용화 목표를 세우고 있으며, 현대자동차, 대한항공, 한화시스템 등 주요 기업들이 시장 선점을 위해 기술 개발 및 투자가 이루어지고 있다. 국내에서는 국토교통부가 도심 및 교통 요충지에서 UAM 실증 사업을 추진하고, 서울, 인천, 부산 등 주요 도시에서 시범 운용 구역을 지정하여 실증 프로젝트를 진행하면서 UAM 기술 안정성과 운영 효율성을 검증하고 있다.
본 연구는 충청북도의 UAM(도심항공교통) 산업을 활성화하고 육성하기 위한 전략을 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. UAM은 도심 내에서 전기추진 수직이착륙기(eVTOL)를 이용해 승객과 화물을 운송하는 차세대 항공교통체계로, 친환경성과 효율성에서 주목받고 있다. 본 연구는 국내외 UAM 산업 동향을 분석하고, 충북 지역의 UAM 연관산업 현황과 경쟁력 진단을 통해 지역 UAM산업의 맞춤형 육성 전략을 제시하고자 한다.
충청북도는 청주국제공항을 중심으로 항공산업 클러스터를 조성하고 있으며, 드론 산업 및 항공부품 제조업 기반을 갖추고 있다. 이는 UAM 산업 육성에 유리한 요소로 작용할 수 있다. 하지만 충북은 초기 투자와 인프라 측면에서 산업적 유인력을 확보하기 위한 전략적 선택이 요구되며, UAM 서비스 시장 측면에서 충청북도는 수도권이나 주요 광역시와 비교했을 때 시장 규모가 제한적인 약점이 있다. 그러나 대전, 세종, 충남의 하천과 항공인프라와 연계하여 산업적 측면의 새로운 기회를 준비해야 할 것이다.
이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 충청북도는 UAM 산업 육성을 위해 시범항로 및 실증 인프라 구축, 기체 및 핵심부품 개발 역량 확보, 지역형 UAM 서비스 창출, UAM 얼라이언스 구축, 관광 및 물류 연계 서비스 개발 등 측면의 실행전략 마련이 요구된다.

Ⅰ. 연구 개요 ···················································································································· 1

1. 연구 개요 ······························································································································· 3

2. UAM산업 정의 및 범위 ········································································································ 6

3. 산업 범위 ····························································································································· 16

Ⅱ. UAM 산업 동향 ······································································································ 19

1. 세계 UAM산업 시장 전망 ·································································································· 21

2. 세계 주요국 정책 동향 ········································································································ 23

3. 우리나라 정책 방향 ············································································································· 26

4. 주요 기술 동향 ···················································································································· 38

5. 기업 동향 ····························································································································· 43

Ⅲ. 국내 UAM 관련 사업 및 지자체 추진현황 ·························································· 51

1. UAM 시범운용구역 ··········································································································· 53

2. 전국 시‧도별 UAM 산업 육성정책 동향 ········································································· 58

Ⅳ. 충북 UAM산업 경쟁력 진단 ··················································································· 69

1. UAM산업 범위(KSIC) ········································································································· 71

2. 충북 UAM산업 현황 및 특화도 ························································································· 77

Ⅴ. 충북 UAM산업 육성 전략 ······················································································ 85

1. 충북 UAM산업 육성 Frame-Work ·················································································· 87

2. UAM산업 육성 구심점 확보 ······························································································· 88

3. UAM 산업거점 및 초기서비스 육성 ·················································································· 91

Appendix ······················································································································· 95

1. ABSTRACT ························································································································· 97

2. Table of Contents ··········································································································· 

야간관광은 관광지 및 도시 활성화를 위한 중요한 정책수단으로 주목받고 있다. 야간관광은 방문객 유입 및 체재시간을 연장함과 동시에 소비지출을 촉진하여 지역경제 활성화에 도움을 주기 때문이다. 특히, 야간관광은 원도심 지역에도 유용하게 도입되고 있는데, 야간관광을 통해 유휴자원을 관광자원화하고, 지역사회 참여를 유도하는 등 원도심 활성화의 동인으로 작용할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구는 충북의 대표적인 원도심으로 꼽히고 있는 도청 주변 지역을 대상으로 야간관광 활성화를 위한 정책방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 연구수행을 위해 원도심 재생과 관광, 야간관광의 개념 등에 대한 이론적 논의를 바탕으로 연구의 틀을 마련하였고, 사례조사와 연구대상지에 대한 여건분석을 실시한 후 정책방향에 대해 논의하였다.
먼저, 원도심 야간관광에 대한 이론적 논의를 통해 다양한 관광적 요소 외에 지역상권 연계, 공실 활용 등에 대한 도시적 부분과의 복합적인 방향도출이 필요하다는 시사점을 도출하였다. 또한, 원도심 야간관광 여건 분석을 위해 일반여건 및 기반시설, 관광자원, 야간관광 콘텐츠 및 프로그램, 인적자원 등의 요소를 도출하여 분석의 틀을 마련하였다. 사례분석에서는 원도심 보유자원의 야간관광 자원화, 상가 공실 활용성 강화, 야간특화 경관 및 콘텐츠 개발 필요성 등의 시사점을 도출하였다. 문헌 및 현장조사를 통한 여건분석에서는 식음시설의 야간운영, 숙박시설 정비 등 수용태세 정비 필요성, 충북도의 중요 정책사업인 당산터널·당산공원·대성로122번길 문화공간 조성 등과의 연계성 강화, 야간관광 활성화를 위한 거버넌스 구축 필요성 등의 시사점을 제시하였다.
연구결과, 원도심 지역 야간관광 활성화를 위해 ‘원도심 야간관광 콘텐츠 개발’, ‘원도심 특화 야간관광 홍보·마케팅’, ‘야간관광 활성화 기반 조성’의 세 가지 방향을 제시하였다. 세부적으로는, 원도심 야간관광 콘텐츠 개발과 관련하여 성안길 공실 상가를 활용한 매력공간 조성, 야간축제 및 이벤트 개발, 무심천 연계 야간관광 프로그램 도입 방안 등에 대해 논의하였으며, 원도심 특화 야간관광 홍보·마케팅 방안으로 야간관광 브랜드 개발, 시장별·타깃별 홍보·마케팅 실시, 구전마케팅 강화 방안 등을 제시하였다. 또한, 야간관광 활성화 기반 조성을 위해 야간관광 관련 제도적 근거 마련, 야간경관 조성, 야간관광 수용태세 구축 등의 방안에 대해 논의하였다. 도출된 원도심 활성화 방향은 단기사업과 중장기 사업으로 구분하여 제시하였다.
마지막으로, 도청 주변 원도심 지역을 대상으로 이원화 되어 있는 충청북도와 청주시의 행·재정적 요소들의 협력적 추진을 위해 민관이 참여하는 ‘가칭. 청주 원도심 활성화 행정협의체’ 운영방안에 대해 제언하였다. 또한, 본 연구에서 수행하지 못한 관계자 대상 설문조사 및 면접조사 등을 활용한 심도 있는 후속연구 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··················································································································· 3

2. 연구의 범위 ···························································································································· 4

Ⅱ. 원도심 야간관광에 대한 이론적 논의 ······································································· 7

1. 원도심 재생과 관광 ··············································································································· 9

2. 야간관광에 대한 개념과 유형 ····························································································· 17

3. 야간관광 정책동향 ··············································································································· 23

4. 야간관광 방문객 실태 ·········································································································· 31

Ⅲ. 야간관광 관련 사례 ································································································· 39

1. 국내사례 ······························································································································· 41

2. 해외사례 ······························································································································· 57

Ⅳ. 도청 주변 원도심 야간관광 여건 및 현황 ······························································ 65

1. 분석의 틀(frame) 설정 ······································································································· 67

2. 야간관광 여건 분석 ············································································································· 68

Ⅴ. 도청 주변 원도심 야간관광 활성화 방향 ······························································ 97

1. 기본방향 ····························································································································· 99

2. 원도심 지역 야간관광 활성화 방향(안) ············································································ 101

3. 정책제언 및 연구의 한계점 ······························································································ 106

참고문헌 ························································································································ 109

Appendix ····················································································································· 111

1. ABSTRACT ······················································································································· 113